971 research outputs found
Revisiting the distance, environment and supernova properties of SNR G57.2+0.8 that hosts SGR 1935+2154
We have performed a multi-wavelength study of supernova remnant (SNR)
G57.2+0.8 and its environment. The SNR hosts the magnetar SGR 1935+2154, which
emitted an extremely bright ms-duration radio burst on 2020 Apr 28 (The
Chime/Frb Collaboration et al. 2020; Bochenek et al. 2020). We used the 12CO
and 13CO J=1-0 data from the Milky Way Image Scroll Painting (MWISP) CO line
survey to search for molecular gas associated with G57.2+0.8, in order to
constrain the physical parameters (e.g., the distance) of the SNR and its
magnetar. We report that SNR G57.2+0.8 is likely impacting the molecular clouds
(MCs) at the local standard of rest (LSR) velocity V_{LSR} ~ 30 km/s and
excites a weak 1720 MHz OH maser with a peak flux density of 47 mJy/beam. The
chance coincidence of a random OH spot falling in the SNR is <12%, and the
OH-CO correspondence chance is 7% at the maser spot. This combines to give < 1%
false probability of the OH maser, suggesting a real maser detection. The LSR
velocity of the MCs places the SNR and magnetar at a kinematic distance of
d=6.6 +/- 0.7 kpc. The nondetection of thermal X-ray emission from the SNR and
the relatively dense environment suggests G57.2+0.8 be an evolved SNR with an
age (d/6.6 kpc) yr. The explosion energy of G57.2+0.8 is
lower than erg,
which is not very energetic even assuming a high ambient density = 10
cm. This reinforces the opinion that magnetars do not necessarily result
from very energetic supernova explosions.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
One-loop correction to the enhanced curvature perturbation with local-type non-Gaussianity for the formation of primordial black holes
As one of the promising candidates of cold dark matter (DM), primordial black
holes (PBHs) were formed due to the collapse of over-densed regions generated
by the enhanced curvature perturbations during the radiation-dominated era. The
enhanced curvature perturbations are expected to be non-Gaussian in some
relevant inflation models and hence the higher-order loop corrections to the
curvature power spectrum might be non-negligible as well as altering the
abundance of PBHs. In this paper, we calculate the one-loop correction to the
curvature power spectrum with local-type non-Gaussianities characterizing by
and standing for the quadratic and cubic
non-Gaussian parameters, respectively. Requiring that the one-loop correction
be subdominant, we find a perturbativity condition, namely
, where is a constant
coefficient which can be explicitly calculated in the given model and
denotes the variance of Gaussian part of enhanced curvature perturbation, and
such a perturbativity condition can provide a stringent constraint on the
relevant inflation models for the formation of PBHs.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Stochastic Methods Based on V
This paper applies sample average approximation (SAA) method based on VU-space decomposition theory to solve stochastic convex minimax problems. Under some moderate conditions, the SAA solution converges to its true counterpart with probability approaching one and convergence is exponentially fast with the increase of sample size. Based on the VU-theory, a superlinear convergent VU-algorithm frame is designed to solve the SAA problem
Full analysis of the scalar-induced gravitational waves for the curvature perturbation with local-type non-Gaussianities
Primordial black holes (PBHs) are supposed to form through the gravitational
collapse of regions with large density fluctuations. The formation of PBHs
inevitably leads to the emission of scalar-induced gravitational wave (SIGW)
signals, offering a unique opportunity to test the hypothesis of PBHs as a
constituent of dark matter (DM). Previous studies have calculated the energy
spectrum of SIGWs in local-type non-Gaussian models, primarily considering the
contributions from the -order or the -order
while neglecting connected diagrams. In this study, we extend the previous work
by (i) considering the full contribution of non-Gaussian diagrams up to the
-order; (ii) deriving the generic scaling of the SIGW energy
spectrum in the infrared region. We derive semi-analytical results applicable
to arbitrary primordial power spectra and numerically evaluate the energy
spectrum of SIGWs for a log-normal power spectrum.Comment: 21 pages, 2 figure
Antitumor Effect of Natural Product Molecules against Lung Cancer
Lung cancer treatment remains difficult because of multidrug resistance and adverse effects, and natural product molecules show powerful activity in lung cancer with few side effects. The molecular targets and efficacy of natural product molecules remain unclear. We described the molecular regulation of natural product molecules with antitumor activities, the antilung cancer activities and the clinical trials for lung cancer treatment of natural product molecules. The results support the updated systemic information on the use of natural product molecules to prevent cancer progression and their constituents for lung cancer treatment
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Redox signaling in aging kidney and opportunity for therapeutic intervention through natural products.
Kidney diseases are serious public problems with high morbidity and mortality in the general population and heavily retard renal function with aging regardless of the cause. Although myriad strategies have been assigned to prevent or harness disease progression, unfortunately, thus far, there is a paucity of effective therapies partly due to an insufficient knowledge of underlying pathological mechanisms, indicating deeper studies are urgently needed. Additionally, natural products are increasingly recognized as an alternative source for disease intervention owing to the potent safety and efficacy, which might be exploited for novel drug discovery. In this review, we primarily expatiate the new advances on mediators that might be amenable to targeting aging kidney and kidney diseases, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), renin-angiotensin system (RAS), nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated γ receptor (PPARγ), advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) as well as microRNAs and vitagenes. Of note, we conclude by highlighting some natural products which have the potential to facilitate the development of novel treatment for patients with myriad renal diseases
Preparation and Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity of Heat Transfer Oil-Based MoS 2
The lipophilic MoS2 nanoparticles are synthesized by surface modification with stearic acid (SA). The heat transfer oil-based nanofluids, with the mass fraction of lipophilic nanoparticles varying from 0.25% up to 1.0%, are prepared and their thermal conductivity is determined at temperatures ranging from 40 to 200°C using an apparatus based on the laser flash method. It has been found that the nanofluids have higher thermal conductivity and the thermal conductivity enhancement increased not only with increasing mass fraction of nanoparticles, but also with increasing temperature in the range 40–180°C The results show a 38.7% enhancement of the thermal conductivity of MoS2 nanofluid with only 1.0% mass fraction at 180°C
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