A Tentative Study of the Impoliteness Phenomenon in Computer-mediated Communication

This article examines the politeness phenomenon in one particular computer-mediated communication (CMC) situation in China: synchronous private on-line chat. With the popularization of the internet, CMC has drawn the attention of many linguists and communication theorists. Some previous studies have compared computer-mediated communication (CMC) with face-to-face communication (FTF); findings reveal that CMC bears some resemblance and displays some differences from FTF communication in terms of the communication characteristics and linguistic features. Yet the politeness strategies have not received much attention in CMC. The present study aims to see whether the politeness principles based on FTF communication can be applied to CMC. The study finds that traditional politeness principles and maxims based on FTF are often violated and readapted in synchronous on-line chat; but instead of hindering the on-line communication, the violation and adaptation are found to fulfill different social and interpersonal functions in CMC, including fostering solidarity between the participants, venting one’s emotions, improving the efficiency of communication etc.. Key words: politeness; computer-mediated communication; interpersonal function; social function; QQ.Résumé: Cet article examine le phénomène de politesse dans une situation particulière de communication médiatiée par ordinateur (CMO) en Chine: le chat privé instantané en ligne. Avec la popularisation de l'Internet, la CMO a attiré l'attention de beaucoup de linguistes et des théoriciens de la communication. Plusieurs études antérieures ont comparé la communication médiatisée par ordinateur (CMO) avec la communicatin en face-à-face(FàF), dont les conclusions révèlent que le CMO montre une certaine ressemblance et affiche certaines différences par rapport à la communication FàF en termes de caractéristiques de communication et des caractéristiques linguistiques. Pourtant, les stratégies de politesse n'ont pas reçu beaucoup d'attention dans la CMO. La présente étude vise à déterminer si les principes de politesse basés sur la communication FàF peuvent être appliqués à la CMO. L'étude conclut que les principes de politesse et les maximes traditionnelles fondés sur la communication FàF sont souvent enfreints et réadaptés au chat instantané en ligne, mais au lieu d'entraver la communication en ligne, la violation et l'adaptation semblent pouvoir remplir de différentes fonctions sociales et interpersonnelles dans la CMO, y compris la solidarité encouragée entre les participants, le déchargement des émotions, l'amélioration de l'efficacité de la communication etc.Mots-Clés: politesse; communication médiatisée par ordinateur; fonction interpersonnelle; fonction sociale; Q

The Value of Power in China: How Do Party Membership and Social Networks Affect Pay in Different Ownership Sectors?

Party membership and social networks, as two forms of nonmarket power, have significant effects on personal income. Do the effects vary across different ownership sectors (suoyouzhi xingzhi)? Using a nationally representative survey of urban households (China Household Income Project surveys in 1995 and 2002), we find that (1) party membership can significantly increase personal income, but this effect does not significantly differ between different ownership sectors or between the years 1995 and 2002 and (2) social networks are insignificant in State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), while they contribute significantly to personal income in non-SOE sectors.Income, Party membership, Social networks, Ownership, Maketization

Large Magnetoresistance in Compensated Semimetals TaAs2_2 and NbAs2_2

We report large magnetoresistance (MR) at low temperatures in single-crystalline nonmagnetic compounds TaAs$_2$ and NbAs$_2$. Both compounds exhibit parabolic-field-dependent MR larger than $5\times10^3$ in a magnetic field of 9 Tesla at 2 K. The MR starts to deviate from parabolic dependence above 10 T and intends to be saturated in 45 T for TaAs$_2$ at 4.2 K. The Hall resistance measurements and band structural calculations reveal their compensated semimetal characteristics. The large MR at low temperatures is ascribed to a resonance effect of the balanced electrons and holes with large mobilities. We also discuss the relation of the MR and samples' quality for TaAs$_2$ and other semimetals. We found that the magnitudes of MR are strongly dependent on the samples' quality for different compounds.Comment: 26 pages, 11 figures, 2 table

在国家与帮权之间:社会政治空间下怡和轩俱乐部的功能转型 = Between the state and the power of "PANG" : The EE Hoe Hean Club within the social political space

Master'sMASTER OF ART

Interface control of ferroelectricity in LaNiO3-BaTiO3 superlattices

LaNiO$_{3}$-BaTiO$_{3}$ superlattices with different types of interfaces are studied from first-principles density-functional theory. It is revealed that the ferroelectricity in the superlattice with (NiO$_2$)$^-$/(BaO)$^0$ interfaces is enhanced from that of the superlattice with (LaO)$^+$/(TiO$_2$)$^0$ interfaces. The origin lies at the polar discontinuity at the interface, which makes the holes localized within the (NiO$_2$)$^-$/(BaO)$^0$ interface, but drives a penetration of electrons into BaTiO$_3$ component near (LaO)$^+$/(TiO$_2$)$^0$ interface. Our calculations demonstrate an effective avenue to the robust ferroelectricity in BaTiO$_3$ ultrathin films.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Audit research of large engineering projects based on blockchain technology

Large-scale projects have the characteristics of huge investment, long construction period, resource consumption and many project participants. The audit work is very important but the diffi culty is often very high. Blockchain technology has gradually entered the mainstream application with its characteristics of decentralization, openness and transparency, and data is diffi cult to tamper, which also brings new opportunities to engineering audit. This paper studies the application of blockchain technology in large-scale engineering audit, and explores the implementation method of large-scale engineering audit based on blockchain technology from the aspects of blockchain technology selection, platform framework construction, smart contract design, etc., to solve the problems of diffi culty in obtaining evidence, poor reliability of evidence and low effi ciency