5,977 research outputs found
Clinicopathological Research and Expression of PTEN/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Background and objective It has been known that abnormality of PTEN/PI3K/Akt signal pathway played an important role in initiation of some malignant tumors. The aim of this study is to examine the expression and clinicopathological significance of PTEN, PI3K and Akt in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Expression levels of PTEN, PI3K and Akt protein were determined using immunohistochemistry S-P in 61 specimens of NSCLC with follow-up. Results ①The levels of PTEN protein was higher than that of control group, and levels of PI3K and Akt protein were lower than that of control group; ②Expression of PTEN and PI3K were related to histotype, clinical stage, lymphonode metastasis and survival rate; Expression of Akt was related to clinical stage, lymphonode metastasis and survival rate; ③The Cox Monovariable Analyses revealed that both smoking and negative expression of PTEN were the risking factors on the death of the NSCLC patients after surgery; ④The expression of PTEN protein was negatively correlated to that of PI3K and Akt respectively, while the expression of PI3K was positively correlated to that of Akt. Conclusion In NSCLC, the lack of PTEN induced up-regulation of PI3K and Akt, which demonstrated that PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway contributed to the tumorigenesis and development of NSCLC. They could be used as the indicators of prognosis and targets of therapy
Interaction between Granulation and Small-Scale Magnetic Flux Observed by Hinode
We study the relationship between granular development and magnetic field
evolution in the quiet Sun. 6 typical cases are displayed to exhibit
interaction between granules and magnetic elements, and we have obtained the
following results. (1) A granule develops centrosymmetrically when no magnetic
flux emerges within the granular cell. (2) A granule develops and splits
noncentrosymmetrically while flux emerges at an outer part of the granular
cell. (3) Magnetic flux emergence as a cluster of mixed polarities is detected
at the position of a granule as soon as the granule breaks up. (4) A dipole
emerges accompanying with the development of a granule, and the two elements of
the dipole root in the adjacent intergranular lanes and face each other across
the granule. Advected by the horizontal granular motion, the positive element
of the dipole then cancels with pre-existing negative flux. (5) Flux
cancellation also takes place between a positive element, which is advected by
granular flow, and its surrounding negative flux. (6) While magnetic flux
cancellation takes place at a granular cell, the granule shrinks and then
disappears. (7) Horizontal magnetic fields enhance at the places where dipoles
emerge and where opposite polarities cancel with each other, but only the
horizontal fields between the dipolar elements point orderly from the positive
element to the negative one. Our results reveal that granules and small-scale
magnetic flux influence each other. Granular flow advects magnetic flux, and
magnetic flux evolution suppresses granular development. There exist extremely
large Doppler blue-shifts at the site of one cancelling magnetic element. This
phenomenon may be caused by the upward flow produced by magnetic reconnection
below the photosphere.Comment: 8 figures, 13 pages. RAA, in pres
Conductive hybrid filaments of carbon nanotubes, chitin nanocrystals and cellulose nanofibers formed by interfacial nanoparticle complexation
In this paper, anionic TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TO-CNFs) and cationic, partially deacetylated, chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) were used to fabricate continuous composite filaments (TO-CNF/ChNC filament) with a straightforward and sustainable aqueous process based on the interfacial nanoparticle complexation (INC) of oppositely charged nano-constituents. In particular, the role of TO-CNF and ChNC concentrations in filament drawing and the effect of drawing speed on the mechanical properties of composite filaments were investigated. Moreover, conductive filaments were fabricated by mixing single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with TO-CNF dispersion and further complexing with the ChNC aqueous suspension. A conductive filament with an electrical conductivity of 2056 S/m was obtained. However, the increase in the SWCNTs content reduced the mechanical properties of the formed filament compared to neat TO-CNF/ChNC filament. This study not only introduces a new nanoparticle candidate to prepare filaments based on INC method but also provides potential advanced and alternative green filament to be used as wearable electronics in biomedical area
Magnetostratigraphic dating of the Linyi Fauna and implications for sequencing the mammalian faunas on the Chinese Loess Plateau
The Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) in North China is an important terrestrial archive that witnessed the environmental changes and mammal and early human evolution in Asia over the past 2.6 Ma. Establishing precise ages for the Pleistocene faunas on the CLP is critical for better understanding of these environmental, biological, and archaeological issues. Here we report a new magnetostratigraphic record that places age constraints on the Linyi Fauna on the southeastern CLP. Our investigated 170-m-thick Linyi section mainly consists of two portions: (1) an overlying eolian Quaternary loess-paleosol sequence and (2) underlying fluvial-lacustrine sand and silty clay. Paleomagnetic results suggest that the composite section records the Brunhes chron, Jaramillo and Olduvai subchrons, and successive reverse polarity portions of the intervening Matuyama chron. The Linyi Fauna is located between Jaramillo and Olduvai subchrons in the fluvial-lacustrine interval, with an estimated age of similar to 1.5-1.6 Ma. Combining previously dated faunas, we establish a Pleistocene magnetochronology spanning from 2.54 to 0.65 Ma for the faunas on the CLP
Aqua(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)bis(trimethylacetato)-κ2 O,O′;κO-cobalt(II)
In the title compound, [Co(C5H9O2)2(C12H8N2)(H2O)], the CoII atom is coordinated in a distorted octahedral environment by three carboxyl O atoms of two trimethylacetate ligands, one aqua O atom and two N atoms from 1,10-phenanthroline. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions [interplanar distance between interdigitating 1,10-phenanthroline ligands = 3.378 (2) Å]
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