Image operator learning coupled with CNN classification and its application to staff line removal

Many image transformations can be modeled by image operators that are characterized by pixel-wise local functions defined on a finite support window. In image operator learning, these functions are estimated from training data using machine learning techniques. Input size is usually a critical issue when using learning algorithms, and it limits the size of practicable windows. We propose the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to overcome this limitation. The problem of removing staff-lines in music score images is chosen to evaluate the effects of window and convolutional mask sizes on the learned image operator performance. Results show that the CNN based solution outperforms previous ones obtained using conventional learning algorithms or heuristic algorithms, indicating the potential of CNNs as base classifiers in image operator learning. The implementations will be made available on the TRIOSlib project site.Comment: To appear in ICDAR 201

Quantitative comparisons of perfusion parameters among abscesses, glioblastomas and metastases.

<p>Note. – Data are mean ± standard deviation; CBV and corrected CBV are in ratios to corresponding NAWM, GB, glioblastomas; Mets, metastasis; *p<0.05.</p><p>Quantitative comparisons of perfusion parameters among abscesses, glioblastomas and metastases.</p

ROC curve analysis of CBV and corrected CBV in differentiating abscesses from glioblastomas (A), abscesses from metastases (B), and abscesses from glioblastomas and metastases.

<p>ROC curve analysis of CBV and corrected CBV in differentiating abscesses from glioblastomas (A), abscesses from metastases (B), and abscesses from glioblastomas and metastases.</p

ROC analysis of CBV and corrected CBV of enhancing rim in differentiating abscesses from glioblastomas and/or metastases.

<p>Note. – ACC, accuracy; CI, confidence interval; CV, cutoff value; GB, glioblastomas; Mets, metastasis; SEN, sensitivity; SPE, specificity; Data of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy are in percentage; *p<0.05.</p><p>ROC analysis of CBV and corrected CBV of enhancing rim in differentiating abscesses from glioblastomas and/or metastases.</p

MR perfusion of a glioblastoma and a metastatic brain tumor.

<p>The upper panel shows the contrast-enhanced MPRAGE (A), CBV (B), corrected CBV (C) and K₂ (D) images of a necrotic glioblastoma in the left medial parietal region, and the lower panel (E, F, G and H) shows the corresponding images of a cystic metastatic brain tumor in the right occipital lobe.</p

Measurements of perfusion parameters in a 47-year-old man with pyogenic brain abscess.

<p>Axial contrast-enhanced MPRAGE (A) and T2W image (B) show a rim-enhancing mass with perifocal edema in the right temporal lobe. (C) On contrast-enhanced MPRAGE, three ROIs are placed over the enhancing rim (red), perifocal edema (blue) most adjacent to the enhancing rim and the contralateral NAWM (green) for the measurements of CBV (D), corrected CBV (E) and K₂ (F), respectively.</p

Mean scores on speech perception tests for the LVAS group and Non-LVAS group.

<p>The mean scores for four speech perception tests obtained one year after implantation and at the most recent follow-up visit by the LVAS group and the non-LVAS group.</p

Fairness and the Architecture of Responsibility

This essay explores a conception of responsibility at work in moral and criminal responsibility. Our conception draws on work in the compatibilist tradition that focuses on the choices of agents who are reasons-responsive and work in criminal jurisprudence that understands responsibility in terms of the choices of agents who have capacities for practical reason and whose situation affords them the fair opportunity to avoid wrongdoing. Our conception brings together the dimensions of normative competence and situational control, and we factor normative competence into cognitive and volitional capacities, which we treat as equally important to normative competence and responsibility. Normative competence and situational control can and should be understood as expressing a common concern that blame and punishment presuppose that the agent had a fair opportunity to avoid wrongdoing. This fair opportunity is the umbrella concept in our understanding of responsibility, one that explains it distinctive architecture

Kaplan-Meier estimates of 5-year outcome in the segmental mandibulectomy patients stratified by level IV/V metastases, extracapsular spread status and tumor depth of ≥15 mm, (a) local control, (b) neck control, (c) distant metastases, (d) disease-free survival, (e) disease-specific survival, (f) overall survival.

<p>Kaplan-Meier estimates of 5-year outcome in the segmental mandibulectomy patients stratified by level IV/V metastases, extracapsular spread status and tumor depth of ≥15 mm, (a) local control, (b) neck control, (c) distant metastases, (d) disease-free survival, (e) disease-specific survival, (f) overall survival.</p

Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (N = 98).

<p>Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (N = 98).</p