4 research outputs found
Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanotube/Transition-Metal Oxide Sponges as Composite Electrodes with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance
Innovative three-dimensional
(3D) carbon nanotube (CNT)/transition-metal
oxide (TMO) sponge electrodes are synthesized by freeze-drying and
calcination processes. The high specific surface area and porosity
of the CNT sponge provide more attachment sites for the TMO nanoparticles,
a larger contact area with electrolytes, and more space for volume
expansion, which enable the CNT/TMO sponge electrodes to exhibit ultrahigh
reversible capacity and excellent cycling stability. The continuous
CNT network in this new type of electrode can fully satisfy fast electron-transfer
kinetics; thus, excellent rate performance is realized. Furthermore,
the unique structural characteristics of the 3D CNT sponge make it
suitable for making almost all kinds of CNT/TMO composite electrodes,
reflecting its versatility for use in many battery systems
Data_Sheet_1_A DRD2/ANNK1âCOMT Interaction, Consisting of Functional Variants, Confers Risk of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Traumatized Chinese.doc
<p>Objective: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma- and stress-related psychiatric syndrome that occurs after exposure to extraordinary stressors. The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) plays important roles in neurobiological processes like reward and stress, and a link between PTSD and the dopaminergic system has been reported. Thus, the investigation of an association between PTSD and geneâgene interaction (epistasis) within dopaminergic genes could uncover the genetic basis of dopamine-related PTSD symptomatology and contribute to precision medicine.</p><p>Methods: We genotyped seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of three dopaminergic genes DRD2/ANNK1 (rs1800497 and rs1801028), COMT (rs6269, rs4633, rs4818 and rs4680) and DBH (rs1611115), in a Chinese predominantly adult cohort that had been exposed to an earthquake (156 PTSD cases and 978 controls).</p><p>Results: Statistical genetics analysis identified a DRD2/ANNK1âCOMT interaction (rs1800497 Ă rs6269), which is associated with PTSD diagnosis (P<sub>interaction</sub> = 0.0008055 and P<sub>corrected</sub> = 0.0169155). Single-variant and haplotype-based subset analyses showed that rs1800497 modulates the association directions of both the rs6269 G allele and the rs6269-rs4633-rs4818-rs4680 haplotype G-C-G-G. The interaction (rs1800497 Ă rs6269) was replicated in a Chinese young female cohort (32 cases and 581 controls, P<sub>interaction</sub> = 0.01329).</p><p>Conclusions: Rs1800497 is related to the DA receptor D2 density and rs6269-rs4633-rs4818-rs4680 haplotypes affect the catechol O-methyltransferase level and enzyme activity. Thus, the interaction was inferred to be at proteinâprotein and DA activity level. The genotype combinations of the two SNPs indicate a potential origin of DA homeostasis abnormalities in PTSD development.</p
DataSheet_1_Epistasis in neurotransmitter receptors linked to posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder comorbidity in traumatized Chinese.docx
BackgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) comorbidity occurs through exposure to trauma with genetic susceptibility. Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and dopamine are neurotransmitters associated with anxiety and stress-related psychiatry through receptors. We attempted to explore the genetic association between two neurotransmitter receptor systems and the PTSDâMDD comorbidity.MethodsFour groups were identified using latent profile analysis (LPA) to examine the patterns of PTSD and MDD comorbidity among survivors exposed to earthquake-related trauma: low symptoms, predominantly depression, predominantly PTSD, and PTSDâMDD comorbidity. NPY2R (rs4425326), NPY5R (rs11724320), DRD2 (rs1079597), and DRD3 (rs6280) were genotyped from 1,140 Chinese participants exposed to earthquake-related trauma. Main, geneâenvironment interaction (G Ă E), and geneâgene interaction (G Ă G) effects for low symptoms, predominantly depression, and predominantly PTSD were tested using a multinomial logistic model with PTSDâMDD comorbidity as a reference.ResultsThe results demonstrated that compared to PTSDâMDD comorbidity, epistasis (G Ă G) NPY2R-DRD2 (rs4425326 Ă rs1079597) affects low symptoms (β = â0.66, OR = 0.52 [95% CI: 0.32â0.84], p = 0.008, pperm = 0.008) and predominantly PTSD (β = â0.56, OR = 0.57 [95% CI: 0.34â0.97], p = 0.037, pperm = 0.039), while NPY2R-DRD3 (rs4425326 Ă rs6280) impacts low symptoms (β = 0.82, OR = 2.27 [95% CI: 1.26â4.10], p = 0.006, pperm = 0.005) and predominantly depression (β = 1.08, R = 2.95 [95% CI: 1.55â5.62], p = 0.001, pperm = 0.001). The two G Ă G effects are independent.ConclusionNPY and dopamine receptor genes are related to the genetic etiology of PTSDâMDD comorbidity, whose specific mechanisms can be studied at multiple levels.</p
Epitaxial Growth of Aligned and Continuous Carbon Nanofibers from Carbon Nanotubes
Exploiting the superior properties
of nanomaterials at macroscopic scale is a key issue of nanoscience.
Different from the integration strategy, âadditive synthesisâ
of macroscopic structures from nanomaterial templates may be a promising
choice. In this paper, we report the epitaxial growth of aligned,
continuous, and catalyst-free carbon nanofiber thin films from carbon
nanotube films. The fabrication process includes thickening of continuous
carbon nanotube films by gas-phase pyrolytic carbon deposition and
further graphitization of the carbon layer by high-temperature treatment.
As-fabricated nanofibers in the film have an âannual ringâ
cross-section, with a carbon nanotube core and a graphitic periphery,
indicating the templated growth mechanism. The absence of a distinct
interface between the carbon nanotube template and the graphitic periphery
further implies the epitaxial growth mechanism of the fiber. The mechanically
robust thin film with tunable fiber diameters from tens of nanometers
to several micrometers possesses low density, high electrical conductivity,
and high thermal conductivity. Further extension of this fabrication
method to enhance carbon nanotube yarns is also demonstrated, resulting
in yarns with âź4-fold increased tensile strength and âź10-fold
increased Youngâs modulus. The aligned and continuous features
of the films together with their outstanding physical and chemical
properties would certainly promote the large-scale applications of
carbon nanofibers