Towards a Fisher-information description of complexity in de Sitter universe

Recent developments on holography and quantum information physics suggest that quantum information theory come to play a fundamental role in understanding quantum gravity. Cosmology, on the other hand, plays a significant role in testing quantum gravity effects. How to apply this idea to a realistic universe is still missing. Here we show some concepts in quantum information theory have their cosmological descriptions. Particularly, we show complexity of a tensor network can be regarded as a Fisher information measure(FIM) of a dS universe, followed by several observations: (i) the holographic entanglement entropy has a tensor-network description and admits a information-theoretical interpretation, (ii) on-shell action of dS spacetime has a same description of FIM, (iii) complexity/action(CA) duality holds for dS spacetime. Our result is also valid for $f(R)$ gravity, whose FIM exhibits the same features of a recent proposed $L^n$ norm complexity.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures. v2: improvements to presentation, fixes typos and matches published versio

Associated production of a neutral top-Higgs with a heavy-quark pair in the \gamma\gamma collisions at ILC

We have studied the associated production processes of a neutral top-Higgs in the topcolor assisted technicolor model with a pair of heavy quarks in \gamma\gamma collisions at the International Linear Collider (ILC). We find that the cross section for t\bar{t}h_t in \gamma\gamma collisions is at the level of a few fb with the c.m. energy \sqrt{s}=1000 GeV, which is consistent with the results of the cross section of t\bar{t}H in the standard model and the cross section of t\bar{t}h in the minimal supersymmetric standard modeland the little Higgs models. It should be distinct that hundreds of to thousands of h_t per year can be produced at the ILC, this process of \gamma\gamma \to t\bar{t}h_t is really interesting in testing the standard model and searching the signs of technicolor.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, some references are adde

Robo-Voting: Does Delegated Proxy Voting Pose a Challenge for Shareholder Democracy?

Robo-voting is the practice by an investment fund of mechanically voting in corporate elections according to the advice of its proxy advisor— in effect fully delegating its voting decision to its advisor. We examined over 65 million votes cast during the period 2008–2021 by 14,582 mutual funds to describe and quantify the prevalence of robo-voting. Overall, 33% of mutual funds robo-voted in 2021: 22% with ISS, 4% with Glass Lewis, and six percent with the recommendations of the issuer’s management. The fraction of funds that robo-voted increased until around 2013 and then stabilized at the current level. Despite the sizable number of funds that robo-voted in recent corporate elections, robo-voters controlled only about 1.5% of shares on average because they tend to be smaller than other funds. Overall, the evidence suggests that robo-voting is more prevalent than its defenders suggest but may exert less influence on corporate governance than its critics suspect

Battling Biases: How Can Diverse Students Overcome Test Bias on the Multistate Bar Examination

Drafters of standardized tests, such as the Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) and Multistate Bar Examination (MBE), strive to eliminate biases in multiple-choice questions by assembling representatives of diverse backgrounds to screen and discard prejudicial questions. But in reality, intelligence tests will always contain some aspect of bias because a committee of test administrators can never represent the views of every person. Nevertheless, the bar exam incorrectly assumes that all applicants learned the same information throughout their academic careers and possess similar cultural experiences and opinions. The bar exam has not fully recognized that questions can be interpreted differently. Scholars advocate to abandon intelligence tests as a measure of a person’s future success, but this is unlikely to happen anytime soon because intelligence tests have been used since the early 1900s. Thus, in the meantime, professors must teach students how to identify and eliminate personal biases to increase the students’ chances of selecting the best answer. We must acknowledge that biases will never fully disappear and figure out how to properly support students who experience biases. This article does not promote conforming to social norms, changing our students core beliefs, or decreasing diversity. This article addresses the reality of the bar exam and provides students with a chameleon-like skill that they can use to ensure they are triumphant on the MBEs. Part I provides background information on the components of the bar exam and disparity in performance results between Whites and people of color. It defines test validity and explores test biases as a possible reason for the lower passage of minorities, such as language barriers, the equal experience assumption, promotion of dominantvalues, and bias in item selection. Part II discusses test biases on the MBE portion of the bar by exploring the National Conference of Bar Examiners’ (NCBE) five myths and breaking down specific multiple-choice questions from NCBE’s Online Practice Exam #4. Part III shares how academics can (a) reframe stereotype threat to help students overcome test anxiety and (b) reframe the speediness and memorization requirements of the bar exam to requirements of grit and determination to join the profession. Finally, Part IV acknowledges that test biases are unlikely to disappear and provides a step-by-step solution to help students be successful on the MBEs. The step-by-step approach is supported by statistics from the Logic for Lawyers class at the University of San Francisco School of Law, a multiple-choice skills-based test that employs the step-by-step method

Far- and Near-Field Channel Measurements and Characterization in the Terahertz Band Using a Virtual Antenna Array

Extremely large-scale antenna array (ELAA) technologies consisting of ultra-massive multiple-input-multiple-output (UM-MIMO) or reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), are emerging to meet the demand of wireless systems in sixth-generation and beyond communications for enhanced coverage and extreme data rates up to Terabits per second. For ELAA operating at Terahertz (THz) frequencies, the Rayleigh distance expands, and users are likely to be located in both far-field (FF) and near-field (NF) regions. On one hand, new features like NF propagation and spatial non-stationarity need to be characterized. On the other hand, the transition of properties near the FF and NF boundary is worth exploring. In this paper, a complete experimental analysis of far- and near-field channel characteristics using a THz virtual antenna array is provided based on measurement of the multi-input-single-output channel with the virtual uniform planar array (UPA) structure of at most 4096 elements. In particular, non-linear phase change is observed in the NF, and the Rayleigh criterion regarding the maximum phase error is verified. Then, a new cross-field path loss model is proposed, which characterizes the power change at antenna elements in the UPA and is compatible with both FF and NF cases.Comment: 5 pages, 10 figure

Interest Rate Rules, Target Policies, and Endogenous Economic Growth in an Open Economy

This paper sets up an endogenous growth model of an open economy in which the monetary authority implements a gradualist interest-rate rule with targets for inflation and economic growth. We show that, under a passive rule, a monetary equilibrium exists and is unique; moreover, the equilibrium is locally determinate. Under an active rule, the open economy either generates multiple equilibria or does not have any equilibrium. If equilibria exist, the high-growth equilibrium is locally determinate while the low-growth equilibrium is a source. Besides these, the stabilization and growth effects of alternative target policies are also explored in this study.Nominal interest rate rules, gradualism, endogenous economic growth

Theoretical Investigation Into The Reaction Mechanisms Of Benzyl Alcohol With Dimethyl Carbonate Over A Faujasite Zeolite Catalyst

Benzyl methyl ether (BME) compounds are largely synthesized by the chemicalindustry for use as a starting material for the synthesis of other organic compounds. In order to achieve the target of green chemistry, BME can be synthesized frombenzyl alcohol and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) using a zeolite catalyst. DMC is a good methylating and carboxymethylating agents that is, in contrast to other such agents, a relatively non-toxic compound. The target of this study is to investigate the possible reaction mechanisms for the reaction of benzyl alcohol and DMC over the zeolite catalyst

CXCR4 Identifies Transitional Bone Marrow Premonocytes that Replenish the Mature Monocyte Pool for Peripheral Responses

It is well established that Ly6Chi monocytes develop from common monocyte progenitors (cMoPs) and reside in the bone marrow (BM) until they are mobilized into the circulation. In our study, we found that BM Ly6Chi monocytes are not a homogenous population, as current data would suggest. Using computational analysis approaches to interpret multidimensional datasets, we demonstrate that BM Ly6Chi monocytes consist of two distinct subpopulations (CXCR4hi and CXCR4lo subpopulations) in both mice and humans. Transcriptome studies and in vivo assays revealed functional differences between the two subpopulations. Notably, the CXCR4hi subset proliferates and is immobilized in the BM for the replenishment of functionally mature CXCR4lo monocytes. We propose that the CXCR4hi subset represents a transitional premonocyte population, and that this sequential step of maturation from cMoPs serves to maintain a stable pool of BM monocytes. Additionally, reduced CXCR4 expression on monocytes, upon their exit into the circulation, does not reflect its diminished role in monocyte biology. Specifically, CXCR4 regulates monocyte peripheral cellular activities by governing their circadian oscillations and pulmonary margination, which contributes toward lung injury and sepsis mortality. Together, our study demonstrates the multifaceted role of CXCR4 in defining BM monocyte heterogeneity and in regulating their function in peripheral tissues