The double-deficit hypothesis and prediction of dyslexia

Abstract: Background: The double-deficit hypothesis is based on research findings showing that there are correlations between phonological awareness and Rapid Automatized Naming in groups of dyslexic children. The phonological awareness is a generalised term labelling all levels of conscious knowledge of the sound elements of speech. The speed of naming is a complex integration of many processes related to the cognitive and linguistic spheres and it is defined through rapid automatic naming of colours, drawn objects, numbers and/or letters. Hypothesis: Phonological awareness and rapid naming (as components of the double-deficit hypothesis) are associated, to a certain degree, with the speed of reading. Children at risk of dyslexia have lower scores in naming speed, phonological awareness or both. Results: On one hand, a significant statistic relation is discovered between the speed of reading and the phonological awareness. On the other hand, there is a moderate statistic relation between speed of reading and rapid naming. Double-deficit hypothesis is a theoretical model that can explain most of the reading disabilities (dyslexia), but not entirely

Initial experience with peroral endoscopic myotomy in Bulgaria: case series

Achalasia is a rare motility disorder with unknown etiology that results in failure of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). As there is no etiological treatment, different pharmacological agents and invasive techniques have been used for relieving the symptoms. For the past decade, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has proven to have excellent results.We present a retrospective study of five patients that underwent POEM for primary achalasia. We used anterior approach for the submucosal tunneling. The procedure showed immediate results and no severe short- or long-term adverse events. We have been following the patients up for more than 3 years now.Since its invention more than ten years ago, the POEM procedure and its advantages and disadvantages compared to the pneumatic dilatation and the Heller myotomy have been extensively studied. There is still no universal opinion on which procedure should be the first line treatment

Las técnicas del arte escénico de Stanislavsky como herramienta para mejorar las capacidades comunicativas y expresivas de los futuros profesores

El presente Proyecto de Innovación pretende aplicar técnicas propias de las artes escénicas en las clases de didáctica de la música en grado de Primaria e Infantil. Se realizarán actividades de interpretación y dramatización utilizando técnicas de Stanislavsky de pequeñas piezas literarias. Stanislavsky crea un sistema de enfoques y ejercicios a través del cual los participantes desarrollan: concentración de atención, datos de voz, habilidades de comunicación física, memoria emocional, observación, análisis de texto. En el trabajo directo con los estudiantes, futuros pedagogos, descubrirán los beneficios para el futuro "trabajo pedagógico" de los "elementos del sistema" mencionados anteriormente. Los estudiantes encontrarán la analogía con la profesión pedagógica. Como punto central en la formación de pedagogos, se encuentran algunos de los elementos de la acción escénica: el trabajo sobre los sentidos; memoria de sensaciones e imágenes; desarrollo la imaginación, lógica y secuencia de acciones; Interacción física y verbal con el objeto; perfecto ordenada expresión verbal - la voz, el habla, el distintivo carácter, configurar el sentido del ritmo

Las técnicas del arte escénico de Stanislavsky como herramienta para mejorar las capacidades comunicativas y expresivas de los futuros profesores

El presente Proyecto de Innovación pretende aplicar técnicas propias de las artes escénicas en las clases de didáctica de la música en grado de Primaria e Infantil. Se realizarán actividades de interpretación y dramatización utilizando técnicas de Stanislavsky para interpretar a pequeñas piezas - microrrelatos. Stanislavsky crea un sistema de enfoques y ejercicios a través del cual los participantes desarrollan: concentración de atención, datos de voz, habilidades de comunicación física, memoria emocional, observación, análisis de texto. En el estudio se ha elaborado y utilizado una herramienta llamada "el microrrelato" que ha permitido valorar varios aspectos como la expresión de sentimientos fasciales y corporales, la imaginación y la creatividad, la comunicación y la expresión emocional con música de los alumnos con una fiabilidad muy buena (α=.847).Los alumnos participantes han valorado la herramienta muy util tanto para la asignatura de música, como para su futuro ejercicio docente

Medición de la actitud implícita y explícita del alumnado de diferentes especialidades de la UCM hacia la música clásica y la capacidad de identificar las emociones básicas a través de la música

Numerosos trabajos de investigación y datos estadísticos culturales sostienen que la música clásica es poco consumida en la sociedad actual por el público más joven. Esta situación parece venir determinada por una actitud de rechazo. En el presente trabajo se propone determinar las actitudes hacia la música clásica en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y de la Universidad St Kliment Ohridsi de Bulgaria. Para la medición de estas actitudes se han utilizado el cuestionario de actitudes explícitas validado, donde los participantes muestran su opinión de una forma abierta y el test de Asociaciones Implícitas (IAT). Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los participantes tienen actitudes explícitas negativas e implícitas positivas. Los chicos son menos negativamente inclinados por la música clásica que las chicas

Prevention of Migration of Esophageal Self-Expandable Metallic Stents Using Endoscopic Clips

Background and Objectives: Esophageal stenting with self-expandable metallic stents (SEMS), for both benign and malignant reasons, has been widely practiced for decades, but migration still remains the most common complication of the procedure. In this report we aim to review our experience and results in stent fixation with clips. Materials and Methods: We present 18 patients who underwent esophageal stenting for both benign and malignant reasons. The SEMSs used were partially covered and were fixated with two to four through the scope hemostatic clips in the proximal end of the prothesis. The procedure was performed only on patients with a high risk of migration of the stent. Results: Migration occurred in only one of the above-mentioned patients and was treated with stent repositioning. The other adverse events that occurred were related to tumor growth in patients with malignant diseases. Conclusions: Clip fixation of an esophageal self-expandable metallic stent in cases considered high-risk for migration is a safe procedure. It reduces the migration rate significantly for both benign and malignant indications

Treatment approach in malignant left-bowel obstruction using self-expandable metallic stent: a case series

Endoscopic self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) decompression in patients with bowel obstruction due to colon carcinoma has been practiced for over two decades now, both in potentially curable cases and metastatic cancer. Using this case series, we aim to review the literature on the subject and to present our initial experience with using this technique as a bridge to single stage surgery, thus minimizing colostomy creation. We retrospectively reviewed seven cases of bowel obstruction due to left-sided colonic cancer, between March 2020 and March 2021. All patients received SEMS prior to being treated, 7 to 13 days later, using either laparoscopic surgical techniques or open surgery methods. All seven patients underwent single stage surgery, eliminating the need for placing a temporary or permanent stoma, therefore minimizing the hospital stay and increasing the quality of life of the individual. We concluded that treatment with SEMSs for bowel obstruction in colorectal cancer was safe and well tolerated, resulting in primary anastomosis and restoration of the intestinal passage and low short-term morbidity

Initial experience in target peroral endoscopic submucosal myotomy combined with septotomy for epiphrenic diverticulum

The epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum is a rare non-malignant condition that is commonly associated with motility disorders. It would normally be treated surgically, but with the advancement of endoscopy techniques, peroral endoscopic myotomy with septotomy (D-POEM) has shown its benefits in coping with the symptoms. We present a case of a 71-year-old woman with increasing symptoms of dysphagia, weight loss and imaging data showing a large epiphrenic diverticulum. We treated her using peroral endoscopic myotomy combined with septotomy of the diverticular septum. The procedure showed excellent results with reducing the amount of contrast materials retained in it, improving the quality of life of the patient, and increasing her weight. There were minimal adverse events and no perforations or severe adverse effects occurred. D-POEM is a new and rapidly evolving procedure that is proving to be a safe and effective method of treating epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum