Correction: <i>Withania somnifera</i> Root Extract Has Potent Cytotoxic Effect against Human Malignant Melanoma Cells

<p>Correction: <i>Withania somnifera</i> Root Extract Has Potent Cytotoxic Effect against Human Malignant Melanoma Cells</p

ESI-MS spectra of water extract of root from <i>Withania somnifera</i>.

<p>ESI-MS spectra of water extract of root from <i>Withania somnifera</i>.</p

Morphological changes observed in A375 treated cells.

<p>Cells were treated with 350, 250 and 200 μg/ml of <i>Withania</i> water crude extract for 24, 48 and 72 hr of incubation respectively.</p

<i>Withania</i> crude water extract treatment induces DNA fragmentations.

<p>L denotes lane in the gel, L1 = 1kb DNA ladder, L2 = control (0 μg/ml), L3 = 24 hr treatment with 350 μg/ml, L4 = 48 hr treatment with 250 μg/ml and L5 = 72 hr treatment with 200 μg/ml.</p

Flow cytometric analysis of uptake of BBR and BC-HDD NPs by the primary rat hepatocytes.

<p>The cellular uptake in case of co-treatment was observed after 90 min of treatment whereas in case of post-treatment the uptake was observed after 30 min of BBR and BC-HDD treatment (as per the treatment schedule in the study). Results are shown as mean ± S.E. from three independent experiments. Significant difference compared with control values *P<0.05, and ***P<0.001. Where CNB: Co-BC-HDD NPs; CB: Co-BBR; PNB: Post-BC-HDD NPs, PB: Post-BBR.</p

Effect of miRNA mimics on the expression of p300 and p/CAF in MT-2 cells.

<p>(A) Equal protein amounts from the whole cell lysates of MT-2 and Jurkat cells lines were resolved on SDS polyacrylamide gel and then transferred to a PVDF membrane. The membrane was then incubated with anti-p300 (1∶1000 dilution) and anti-p/CAF (1∶1000 dilution) monoclonal antibodies for 2 h at room temperature and incubated for 1 h with an anti-rabbit secondary antibody conjugated to IRDy800 and IRDy680, respectively. Signals were detected by Licor Pearl Pulse Imager. It was observed that the levels of p300 and p/CAF went down on transfection of MT-2 cells with respective miR-mimic when compared to non-transfected MT-2 cells. (B) HTLV-1 p19 was quantitated with ELISA in MT-2 culture supernatant and compared to supernatant obtained from MT-2 cells transfected with miR-149 and miR-873 mimics.</p

Effect of BBR and BC-HDD NPs on ROS production in high glucose treated hepatocytes.

<p>DCFH-DA dye was used to assess the ROS production. Data shown are mean evaluated from three different sets of experiments. The S.D. was below ±5% in all cases. Where CNB: Co-BC-HDD NPs; CB:Co-BBR; PNB: Post-BC-HDD NPs and PB: Post-BBR.</p

Transcription factor profiling of T cells containing stably integrated or transiently transfected HTLV-1 LTR.

*<p> <b>Substrates for histone acetyltransferases (HATs) - p300, P/CAF, TAF1.</b></p>**<p> <b>Nuclear receptor (NR) family.</b></p><p>List of various cellular transcription factors that were differentially up- or downregulated in case of stably integrated or transiently transfected viral LTR.</p

Screening of HTLV-1 LTR-luc stable integrants.

<p>(A) Luciferase activity in stably integrated HTLV-1 LTR Jurkat clones was measured in terms of relative light units. Control represents the luciferase activity from the cells that were stably integrated with pGL3-basic vector and pRSV-neo. Each value shown represents the average of duplicate transfection reactions and is representative of at least two independent experiments. Error bars indicate standard deviation (±) from one representative experiment. (B) For verifying HTLV-1 LTR-luc integration, all five clones (C1–C5) were examined and confirmed qualitatively for HTLV-1 LTR-luc integration for both LTR and luciferase genes independently by PCR amplification of LTR with product size 183 bp and Southern blot hybridization using luciferase probe following PCR amplification of luciferase gene with product size 1.6 kb. The control clone represents the Jurkat clone stably integrated with pGL3-basic vector and pRSV-neo in the absence of the HTLV-1 LTR. The positive control in each case is the pU3R-luc plasmid. (D) For quantifying HTLV-1 provirus copy numbers by real-time PCR in the stably integrated clones, all five clones (C1–C5) were selected for real-time PCR analysis to determine the copy number of copies of the integrated LTR per 100 cells. Standard curves for β-actin and the HTLV-1 LTR were generated from Jurkat and TARL-2 cell lines, respectively, with the coefficient of correlation, <i>r²</i>, being greater than 0.996 for both.</p

BC-HDD NPs prevent loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Effect of BBR and BC-HDD on mitochondrial polarisation as seen using Rhodamine123. (<b>B</b>) Effect on mitochondrial membrane potential as seen using JC-1. Results are shown as mean ± S.E. # denotes significant difference compared with control values and *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 denotes significant difference compared with 40 mM glucose. Where CNB: Co-BC-HDD NPs; CB:Co-BBR; PNB: Post-BC-HDD NPs and PB: Post-BBR.</p