Application of Nanofluids in CO2 Capture and Extraction from Waste Water

Carbon dioxide emission is one of the alarming problems that we are facing today and with the help of nanotechnology, the emissions have been reduced to an extent. There are certain methods to reduce the emission in the field of nanotechnology like using carbon nanotubes hollow membrane contractor, hybrid Nano absorbents, transition Nano crystals doped with carbon nanotubes for efficient carbon dioxide absorption, synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride Nano sheets, etc.   Nanofluidshave been potential to use as an alternative for carbon capture than conventional fluids like amines. Generally, amines like MEA, DEA and MDEA are used to capture carbon dioxide. However, recent studies showed that nanofluidscangive more absorption efficiency than conventional solvents. In a current study, we reviewed and highlighted recent advances in the application of nanofluids in carbon dioxide capture. Many researchers are working on various approaches to make an efficient nanofluid system for environmental application. Butmany nanoparticles are not fully explored

A Comprehensive Review on the Effect of Various Ultrasonication Parameters on the Stability of Nanofluid

Nanofluids (Engineered colloidal suspension of nanoparticles) are the new and promising heat transfer fluids with exceptional properties. Low stability, high pressure drop, and viscosity are the important drawbacks limiting the industrial application of nanofluids. The aggregation and sedimentation of nanoparticles are related to the colloidal structure of nanofluids, which directly affects the stability and viscosity. Various studies revealed that, choosing proper nanoparticle type, size, shape and concentration, base fluid type, operating conditions (pH, temperature, zeta potential, shear, and magnetic field of the solution), ultrasonication probe type, time, power, frequency and intensity, and surfactant type and concentration are the main factors responsible for the nanofluid stability. Among them, ultrasonication treatment is the simplest and most effective technique with longer nanofluid stability period. It is expected that, the present review will provide guidance and contribute towards various considerable ultrasonication factors which can prolong the stability period of the nanofluid

Review on CNT Based Hybrid Nanofluids Performance in the Nano Lubricant Application

The advanced hybrid nanofluids are the important outcome of the nanotechnology advancement where nanosized particles were added together either using one step or two step method. The morphology mostly different in both the synthesizing methods which played major role in the thermal properties of nanofluid. The current paper reviewed MWCNT based mono/hybrid nanofluid applications as heat transfer fluid in the nano lubrication process. With highest surface to volume ratio nanoparticles efficiently impacted on frictional loss and heat generation by creating a nanolayer film on the surface. From the available literature various modelling equations along with their margin of deviation were presented in the paper

Review on Application of nanofluid/Nano Particle as Water Disinfectant

Nanoparticles like CNT, MgO, silver, Zno, CuO and self-cleaning TiO2at certain loading showed better activity on reduction in growth of microorganisms. To overcome the undesired properties of nanoparticles they are doped together to form a composite or hybrid to attain the better performance over the various range of bacteria. The nanoparticles were synthesized eco-friendly from natural resources to attain the biodiversity. The antibacterial activity was further measured in terms of COD, MIC, MBC, optical density and UV absorption. The review focused broadly on the single/hybrid/composite nanoparticle based nanofluid for treating wastewater using renewable -solar energy source without any by product recycling problems

Enhancement of the bio-hydrogen production from complex food wastewater using the hematite and nickel oxide nanoparticles

Nickel oxide and hematite nanoparticles were used to enhance bio-hydrogen production from complex wastewater. This study is conducted thoroughly studied in the batch dark fermentation test. During this batch test hematite nanoparticles alone (400 mg/L) showed a significant enhancement of 133 mL/g VSadded and 4.2 mL/h in hydrogen yield and hydrogen production rate respectively, representing a 19% and 27% relative enhancement, respectively, compared to nickel oxide nanoparticles, and therefore corroborate the usefulness of hematite nanoparticles on the hydrogen production process. Furthermore, the novel approach of simultaneous addition of hematite (400 mg/L) and nickel oxide (10 mg/L) nanoparticles gave a hydrogen yield of 139 mL/g VSadded and hydrogen production rate of about and 4.4 mL/h, during a batch test of complex food waste. The potentials of the possible synergy of simultaneous addition of hematite and nickel oxide nanoparticle for an increase in the bio-hydrogen production, representing an enhancement of about 1.7-fold compared to single nanoparticle addition, is fairly demonstrated in the present study, Conclusively, enhanced activity of the enzymes owing to an optimum loading of nanoparticles of nickel and hematite was attributed to the observed relatively maximum increase in hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield of about 64%, and 69%, respectively, during the batch test

Enhancement of pool boiling performance using SWCNT based nanofluids: A sustainable method for the wastewater heat recovery

Heat extraction from the wastewater is important and challenging task in the industry. Performance of the heat extraction decreases mainly due to the boiling crisis. Researchers are using nanofluids as a better alternative for the conventional base fluids. Nanofluids exhibit the better performance due to higher thermo-physical properties. Thus, in this study, we used single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) for the boiling operation. in the experimentations, we used two types of the heater surfaces, first is bare heater surface and other is the SWCNT deposited heater surface. Then we compared the performance of the both heater surfaces.The critical heat flux value observed in the case of nanoparticle deposited surface is 2.14 MW/m2 and the bare heater is 2.26 MW/m2. Because the nanoparticle deposited surface promotes the smaller size of the bubbles at a rapid rate. Due to the increased surface roughness. The heat transfer coefficient is also a 5 % more in the nanoparticle deposited surfaces than the bare heater surface

Numeric and Experimental Study of Co3O4 –Water/ Ethylene glycol-based nanofluid for car radiator application

With the progress in technology, advanced heavy-duty engines are being used for providing a better experience to the people. To increase the heat transfer rate we cannot increase the heat transfer area for heavy-duty engines. To meet the current demands of higher heat transfer rates in the minimum possible heat transfer area, nanofluids are being extensively used as a coolant in car radiator as a substitute for the conventional base fluid. In the present study, Co3O4 – Water/Ethylene Glycol mixture based nanofluids are used to study the enhancement in car radiator performance for better cooling. Obtained results are compared with base fluid without nanoparticles. The inlet temperature is kept constant at 63° C and outlet temperatures were measured at a various inlet flow rate of radiator and volume concentration of cobalt oxide. The experimental setup is modeled using ANSYS FLUENT software and both results are compared. From this study Enhancement in heat transfer rate observed for 0.3 vol. % of nanoparticles at 4 lpm velocity is 29.5%

Rejection Behaviour Of Manganese Ions From Synthetic Wastewater By Nanofiltration Membrane

Because of the development of novel applications, nanofiltration has attracted much interest in recent years. This research describes the removal of manganese ions from synthetic wastewater using a TFC NF-30 membrane. The effects of different operating parameters on heavy metal rejection were investigated, including feed concentration (20-60 ppm), applied pressure (5-8 kg/cm2), and pH (4-6). According to the current findings, the rejection coefficient for manganese ions increases with increasing pressure. The rejection coefficient reduces as the feed concentration of manganese ions increases at a steady flow rate.The influence of pH was investigated, and it was discovered that when the pH rises, the rejection of manganese ions rises as well. The maximum measured metal rejection is reported to be 99.03 percent to 96.88 percent, for an initial feed concentration of 20 ppm and 40 ppm. The experimental data were fitted with membrane transport models such as combined-film theory-Spiegler-Kedem (CFSK) for the evaluation of the membrane transport parameters and mass transfer coefficient, k. For manganese ions, CFSK models were applied to estimate the experimental rejection (ROE) or actual rejection and modeling rejection (ROM) or observed rejection. In the CFSK model, the experimental and modeling rejection for manganese is roughly identical to ± 0.03