15 research outputs found
The effect of solvent quality on pathway-dependent solution-state self-assembly of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer
The cholesterol-functionalized polycarbonate-based diblock copolymer, PEG113-b-P(MTC-Chol)30, forms pathway-dependent nanostructures via dialysis-based solvent exchange. The initial organic solvent that dissolves or disperses the polymer dictates a self-assembly pathway. Depending upon the initial solvent, nanostructures of disk-like micelles, exhibiting asymmetric growth and hierarchical features, are accessible from a single amphiphilic precursor. Dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) molecularly dissolve the block copolymer, but THF yields disks, while dioxane yields stacked disks after dialysis against water. Dimethylformamide and methanol display dispersed disks and then form stacked disk structures after dialysis. The path-dependent morphology was correlated to solubility parameters, an understanding of which offers routes to tailor self-assemblies with limited sets of building blocks.Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Published versio
Self-Assembly and Dynamics Driven by Oligocarbonate–Fluorene End-Functionalized Poly(ethylene glycol) ABA Triblock Copolymers
The closed assembly
transition from polymers to micelles and open
assembly to clusters are induced by supramolecular π–π
stacking in model oligocarbonate–fluorene (F-TMC) end-group
telechelic polymers. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) depends
on the F-TMC degree of polymerization that further controls the weak
micelle association and strong clustering of micelles regimes. Clustering
follows a multistep equilibria model with average size scaling with
concentration reduced by the CMC as <i>R</i> ∼ (<i>c</i>/CMC)<sup>1/4</sup>. The F-TMC packing that drives the
supramolecular self-assembly from polymers to micelles stabilizes
these larger clusters. The clusters are characterized by internal
relaxations by dynamic light scattering. This signifies that while
F-TMC groups drive the clustering, the micelles interconnected via
F-TMC bridging interactions remain coupled to the extent that the
clusters relax via Rouse–Zimm dynamics, reminiscent of microgels
Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid Stealth Liposomes
Next-generation liposome
systems for anticancer and therapeutic
delivery require the precise insertion of stabilizing polymers and
targeting ligands. Many of these functional macromolecules may be
lost to micellization as a competing self-assembly landscape. Here,
hybrid stealth liposomes, which utilize novel cholesteryl-functionalized
block copolymers as the molecular stabilizer, are explored as a scalable
platform to address this limitation. The employed block copolymers
offer resistance to micellization through multiple liposome insertion
moieties per molecule. A combination of thermodynamic and structural
investigations for a series of hybrid stealth liposome systems suggests
that a critical number of cholesteryl moieties per molecule defines
whether the copolymer will or will not insert into the liposome bilayer.
Colloidal stability of formed hybrid stealth liposomes further corroborates
the critical copolymer architecture value
Formation of Disk- and Stacked-Disk-like Self-Assembled Morphologies from Cholesterol-Functionalized Amphiphilic Polycarbonate Diblock Copolymers
A cholesterol-functionalized aliphatic
cyclic carbonate monomer,
2-(5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxyloyloxy)ethyl carbamate (MTC-Chol),
was synthesized. The organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of
MTC-Chol was accomplished by using <i>N</i>-(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl-<i>N</i>′-cyclohexylthiourea (TU) in combinations with bases
such as 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and (−)-sparteine,
and kinetics of polymerization was monitored. By using mPEG-OH as
the macroinitiator, well-defined amphiphilic diblock copolymers mPEG<sub>113</sub>-<i>b</i>-P(MTC-Chol)<sub><i>n</i></sub> (<i>n</i> = 4 and 11) were synthesized. Under aqueous
conditions, these block copolymers self-assembled to form unique nanostructures.
Disk-like micelles and stacked-disk morphology were observed for mPEG<sub>113</sub>-<i>b</i>-P(MTC-Chol)<sub>4</sub> and mPEG<sub>113</sub>-<i>b</i>-P(MTC-Chol)<sub>11</sub>, respectively,
by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Small-angle neutron scattering
supports the disk-like morphology and estimates the block copolymer
micelle aggregation number in the dispersed solution. The hydrophobic
nature of the cholesterol-containing block provides a versatile self-assembly
handle to form complex nanostructures using biodegradable and biocompatible
polymers for applications in drug delivery
Amphiphilic and Hydrophilic Block Copolymers from Aliphatic <i>N</i>‑Substituted 8‑Membered Cyclic Carbonates: A Versatile Macromolecular Platform for Biomedical Applications
Introduction
of hydrophilic components, particularly amines and
zwitterions, onto a degradable polymer platform, while maintaining
precise control over the polymer composition, has been a challenge.
Recognizing the importance of these hydrophilic residues in multiple
aspects of the nanobiomedicine field, herein, a straightforward synthetic
route to access well-defined amphiphilic and hydrophilic degradable
block copolymers from diethanolamine-derived functional eight-membered <i>N</i>-substituted aliphatic cyclic carbonates is reported. By
this route, tertiary amine, secondary amine, and zwitterion residues
can be incorporated across the polymer backbone. Demonstration of
pH-responsiveness of these hydrophilic residues and their utility
in the development of drug-delivery vehicles, catered for the specific
requirements of respective model drugs (doxorubicin and diclofenac
sodium salt) are shown. As hydrophilic components in degradable polymers
play crucial roles in the biological interactions, these materials
offers opportunities to expand the scope and applicability of aliphatic
cyclic carbonates. Our approach to these functional polycarbonates
will expand the range of biocompatible and biodegradable synthetic
materials available for nanobiomedicine, including drug and gene delivery,
antimicrobials, and hydrophilic polymers as poly(ethylene glycol)
(PEG) alternatives
Supramolecular nanofibers self-assembled from cationic small molecules derived from repurposed poly(ethylene teraphthalate) for antibiotic delivery
Biodegradable Strain-Promoted Click Hydrogels for Encapsulation of Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles and Sustained Release of Therapeutics
Biodegradable
polycarbonate-based ABA triblock copolymers were
synthesized via organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization and successfully
formulated into chemically cross-linked hydrogels by strain-promoted
alkyne–azide cycloaddition (SPAAC). The synthesis and cross-linking
of these polymers are copper-free, thereby eliminating the concern
over metallic contaminants for biomedical applications. Gelation occurs
rapidly within a span of 60 s by simple mixing of the azide- and cyclooctyne-functionalized
polymer solutions. The resultant hydrogels exhibited pronounced shear-thinning
behavior and could be easily dispensed through a 22G hypodermic needle.
To demonstrate the usefulness of these gels as a drug delivery matrix,
doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded micelles prepared using catechol-functionalized
polycarbonate copolymers were incorporated into the polymer solutions
to eventually form micelle/hydrogel composites. Notably, the drug
release rate from the hydrogels was significantly more gradual compared
to the solution formulation. DOX release from the micelle/hydrogel
composites could be sustained for 1 week, while the release from the
micelle solution was completed rapidly within 6 h of incubation. Cellular
uptake of the released DOX from the micelle/hydrogel composites was
observed at 3 h of incubation of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.
A blank hydrogel containing PEG-(Cat)<sub>12</sub> micelles showed
almost negligible toxicity on MDA-MB-231cells where cell viability
remained high at >80% after treatment. When the cells were treated
with the DOX-loaded micelle/hydrogel composites, there was a drastic
reduction in cell viability with only 25% of cells surviving the treatment.
In all, this study introduces a simple method of formulating hydrogel
materials with incorporated micelles for drug delivery applications
Polymersomes as Stable Nanocarriers for a Highly Immunogenic and Durable SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Subunit Vaccine
10.1021/acsnano.1c01243ACS NANO151015754-1577