Medical Image Segmentation and Registration Using a Grid based Dynamic Implicit Geometry of Level Set Method

Medical image segmentation and registration of 2D and 3D image data is important in diagnosis, treatment planning, functional studies and computer guided therapies. Nowadays in medical diagnosis 3D medical model of human organ is created using multiple slices 2D image of CT / MRI. 3D medical model has many utilities includes surgery plan design, defect area inspection, personalized implant design, physical model fabrication and drawback of overlapping found in 2D image is overcome by 3D modeling. In this paper Region of interest (ROI) is extracted from level set technique and a grid based dynamic implicit geometry is used for evaluating and registration of segmented data. Later the registered slice generates the surface and finally forms the 3D model

Diagnose: A Novel Software Design Pattern For Modern Healthcare System

In this paper, we give an overview of a software design pattern “Diagnose” designed to ease the development of medical or healthcare software applications. The main originality of this library is to provide high level components for the “Diagnose” pattern, as well as a programming pattern that enables communication and interaction between these components. This pattern primarily focused on healthcare applications but can be further extended to match other domain purposes having similar functionality or actions. Here, “Diagnose” design introduced with standard attributes and functionalities. Software design patterns have shown to be an effective & easier way for the developer to reuse the successful design & architecture and make them more accessible to the architects and developers of the new system. “Diagnose” for medical information system which helps medical practitioners to create, operate and analyse data for the developers. Diagnose allows to design and develop ‘right’ system without compromising reusability and OOP

3D Reconstruction of Solid Breast Nodule in Ultra Sonographic Image

Breast cancer is one of the most frequent forms of cancer among women all over the world and the early detection of the cancer provides a better chance of proper treatment. A method for automatically reconstructing a 3-dimensional object (nodule) from serial cross sectional Ultra Sonographic data is presented in this paper. The segmentation of region of interest (ROI) is the most crucial step in 3dimensional nodule construction for which Fuzzy Stopping Force Level Sets equation is employed [11]. The method combines the Dynamic Elastic Contour Interpolation algorithm [22] to generate a series of intermediate missing contours between each pair of consecutive cross sections. These slices are connected in a definite order and rendered using Phong shading for smooth and complete surface of 3D nodule can thus be reconstructed

Immunization of children under 5 years: Mother's knowledge, attitude, and practice in a rural community

Background: Mothers' knowledge, attitude and practice toward childhood vaccination is the most adequate tool for prevention of infectious disease epidemics. A study on the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding immunization will help in our understanding of the variables that influence parental decision-making regarding immunization. Aims and Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding immunization in mothers of under 5 children in rural area in Bantwal Taluk in Mangalore. Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional questionnaire-based study conducted on 486 mothers of under 5 children in a rural area in Mangalore from November 2021 – January 2022. Data was collected using pretested semi structured questionnaires. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, chi square test and outcomes expressed as frequency, proportions and percentages. Results: 99.8% mothers were aware that vaccination prevents children from infectious disease and its complications. 23.2% of the mothers had the misconception that multiple doses of the same vaccine were not important for their child's immunity. Vaccination campaigns to vaccinate their children were not considered important by 4.4% mothers. A significalnt proportion (26.3%) believed that multiple vaccinations at the same time would have a negative impact on their child. Most of the mothers were of the opinion that childhood vaccination was important and vaccination was more beneficial than harmful. 77% were of the opinion that the child could not get infected by the disease once vaccinated. 99.6% of the children were vaccinated at birth and 98.8% of the children were completely immunized. Optional vaccines were not given to majority of the children. Conclusions: Majority of the mothers were aware about the need for vaccination, had positive attitude towards the same and satisfactory immunization practices. Most of the children had completed immunization for their age, which in turn reflects on the adequate knowledge among the mothers