68 research outputs found
The Gravitational Universe
The last century has seen enormous progress in our understanding of the Universe. We know the life cycles of stars, the structure of galaxies, the remnants of the big bang, and have a general understanding of how the Universe evolved. We have come remarkably far using electromagnetic radiation as our tool for observing the Universe. However, gravity is the engine behind many of the processes in the Universe, and much of its action is dark. Opening a gravitational window on the Universe will let us go further than any alternative. Gravity has its own messenger: Gravitational waves, ripples in the fabric of spacetime. They travel essentially undisturbed and let us peer deep into the formation of the first seed black holes, exploring redshifts as large as z ~ 20, prior to the epoch of cosmic re-ionisation. Exquisite and unprecedented measurements of black hole masses and spins will make it possible to trace the history of black holes across all stages of galaxy evolution, and at the same time constrain any deviation from the Kerr metric of General Relativity. eLISA will be the first ever mission to study the entire Universe with gravitational waves. eLISA is an all-sky monitor and will offer a wide view of a dynamic cosmos using gravitational waves as new and unique messengers to unveil The Gravitational Universe. It provides the closest ever view of the early processes at TeV energies, has guaranteed sources in the form of verification binaries in the Milky Way, and can probe the entire Universe, from its smallest scales around singularities and black holes, all the way to cosmological dimensions
111 oriented gold nanoplatelets on multilayer graphene as visible light photocatalyst for overall water splitting
[EN] Development of renewable fuels from solar light appears as one of the main current challenges in energy science. A plethora of photocatalysts have been investigated to obtain hydrogen and oxygen from water and solar light in the last decades. However, the photon-to-hydrogen molecule conversion is still far from allowing real implementation of solar fuels. Here we show that 111 facet-oriented gold nanoplatelets on multilayer graphene films deposited on quartz is a highly active photocatalyst for simulated sunlight overall water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen in the absence of sacrificial electron donors, achieving hydrogen production rate of 1.2âmolH2 per gcomposite per h. This photocatalytic activity arises from the gold preferential orientation and the strong goldâgraphene interaction occurring in the composite system.Financial support by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Severo Ochoa and CTQ2012-32315) and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo 2013-019) is gratefully acknowledged. D.M. and I.E.-A. thank to Spanish Ministry of Science for PhD scholarships.Mateo Mateo, D.; Esteve Adell, I.; Albero Sancho, J.; SĂĄnchez Royo, JF.; Primo Arnau, AM.; GarcĂa GĂłmez, H. (2016). 111 oriented gold nanoplatelets on multilayer graphene as visible light photocatalyst for overall water splitting. Nature Communications. 2016(7):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11819S1820167Lv, X. J., Zhou, S., Huang, X., Wang, C. & Fu, W. F. Photocatalytic overall water splitting promoted by SnOx-NiGa2O4 photocatalysts. Appl. Cat. B: Environ. 182, 220â228 (2016).Xu, J., Wang, L. & Cao, X. Polymer supported graphene-CdS composite catalyst with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting under visible light. Chem. Eng. J. 283, 816â825 (2016).Tanigawa, S. & Irie, H. Visible-light-sensitive two-step overall water-splitting based on band structure control of titanium dioxide. Appl. Cat. B: Environ. 180, 1â5 (2016).Maeda, K. et al. GaN:ZnO solid solution as a photocatalyst for visible-light-driven overall water splitting. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 8286â8287 (2005).Maeda, K. et al. Photocatalyst releasing hydrogen from water. Nature 440, 295 (2006).Kato, H. & Kudo, A. Visible-light-response and photocatalytic activities of TiO2 and SrTiO3 photocatalysts codoped with antimony and chromium. J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 5029â5034 (2002).Xiang, Q., Cheng, B. & Yu, J. Graphene-based photocatalysts for solar-fuel generation. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54, 11350â11366 (2015).Navalon, S., Dhakshinamoorthy, A., Alvaro, M. & Garcia, H. Carbocatalysis by graphene-based materials. Chem. Rev. 114, 6179â6212 (2014).Yu, J., Jin, J., Cheng, B. & Jaroniec, M. A noble metal-free reduced graphene oxide-cds nanorod composite for the enhanced visible-light photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to solar fuel. J. Mat. Chem. A 2, 3407â3416 (2014).Meng, F., Cushing, S. K., Li, J., Hao, S. & Wu, N. Enhancement of solar hydrogen generation by synergistic interaction of La2Ti2O7 photocatalyst with plasmonic gold nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. ACS Catal. 5, 1949â1955 (2015).Shown, I. et al. Highly efficient visible light photocatalytic reduction of co2 to hydrocarbon fuels by cu-nanoparticle decorated graphene oxide. Nano Lett. 14, 6097â6103 (2014).Shang, L. et al. Graphene-supported ultrafine metal nanoparticles encapsulated by mesoporous silica: robust catalysts for oxidation and reduction reactions. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, 250â254 (2014).Latorre-SĂĄnchez, M., Primo, A. & GarcĂa, H. P-doped graphene obtained by pyrolysis of modified alginate as a photocatalyst for hydrogen generation from water-methanol mixtures. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 11813â11816 (2013).Lavorato, C., Primo, A., Molinari, R. & Garcia, H. N-doped graphene derived from biomass as a visible-light photocatalyst for hydrogen generation from water/methanol mixtures. Chem. - A Eur. J. 20, 187â194 (2014).Shams, S. S., Zhang, L. S., Hu, R., Zhang, R. & Zhu, J. Synthesis of graphene from biomass: a green chemistry approach. Mater. Lett. 161, 476â479 (2015).Meng, F. et al. Biomass-derived high-performance tungsten-based electrocatalysts on graphene for hydrogen evolution. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 18572â18577 (2015).Vilatela, J. J. & Eder, D. Nanocarbon composites and hybrids in sustainability: a review. ChemSusChem 5, 456â478 (2012).Rani, P. & Jindal, V. K. Designing band gap of graphene by B and N dopant atoms. RSC Adv. 3, 802â812 (2013).Zheng, Y. et al. Hydrogen evolution by a metal-free electrocatalyst. Nat. Commun. 5, 3783 (2014).Wang, X. et al. A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light. Nat. Mater. 8, 76â80 (2009).Huang, H., Yang, S., Vajtai, R., Wang, X. & Ajayan, P. M. Pt-decorated 3D architectures built from graphene and graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as efficient methanol oxidation catalysts. Adv. Mater. 26, 5160â5165 (2014).Shiraishi, Y. et al. Platinum nanoparticles strongly associated with graphitic carbon nitride as efficient co-catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light. Chem. Commun. 50, 15255â15258 (2014).G. BaldovĂ, H. et al. Visible-light photoresponse of gold nanoparticles supported on TiO2: A combined photocatalytic, photoelectrochemical, and transient spectroscopy study. ChemPhysChem 16, 335â341 (2015).Serra, M., Albero, J. & Garcia, H. Photocatalytic Activity of Au/TiO2 photocatalysts for H-2 evolution: role of the Au nanoparticles as a function of the irradiation wavelength. ChemPhysChem 16, 1842â1845 (2015).Gomes Silva, C., JuĂĄrez, R., Marino, T., Molinari, R. & GarcĂa, H. Influence of excitation wavelength (UV or visible light) on the photocatalytic activity of titania containing gold nanoparticles for the generation of hydrogen or oxygen from water. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 595â602 (2011).El Kadib, A. Chitosan as a sustainable organocatalyst: a concise overview. ChemSusChem 8, 217â244 (2015).Primo, A., Atienzar, P., Sanchez, E., Delgado, J. M. & GarcĂa, H. From biomass wastes to large-area, high-quality, N-doped graphene: catalyst-free carbonization of chitosan coatings on arbitrary substrates. Chem. Commun. 48, 9254â9256 (2012).Primo, A. & Quignard, F. Chitosan as efficient porous support for dispersion of highly active gold nanoparticles: design of hybrid catalyst for carbon-carbon bond formation. Chem. Commun. 46, 5593â5595 (2010).Primo, A. et al. One-step pyrolysis preparation of 1.1.1 oriented gold nanoplatelets supported on graphene and six orders of magnitude enhancement of the resulting catalytic activity. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54, 1â7 (2015).Lalov, I. G., Guerginov, I. I., Krysteva, M. A. & Fartsov, K. Treatment of waste water from distilleries with chitosan. Water Res. 34, 1503â1506 (2000).No, H. K. & Meyers, S. P. Application of Chitosan for Treatment of Wastewaters in Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology: Continuation of Residue Reviews eds George W. W. 1â27Springer (2000).Liu, C. et al. Hydrothermal synthesis of N-doped TiO2 nanowires and N-doped graphene heterostructures with enhanced photocatalytic properties. J. Alloys Compd. 656, 24â32 (2016).Radnik, J., Mohr, C. & Claus, P. On the origin of binding energy shifts of core levels of supported gold nanoparticles and dependence of pretreatment and materials synthesis. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 5, 172â177 (2003).Primo, A. et al. High catalytic activity of oriented 2.0.0 copper(I) oxide grown on graphene film. Nat. Commun. 6, 8561 (2015).Abbasi, M. et al. Application of transmitted Kikuchi diffraction in studying nano-oxide and ultrafine metallic grains. ACS Nano 9, 10991â11002 (2015).Trimby, P. T. Orientation mapping of nanostructured materials using transmission kikuchi diffraction in the scanning electron microscope. Ultramicroscopy 120, 16â24 (2012).Johnson, C. J., Dujardin, E., Davis, S. A., Murphy, C. J. & Mann, S. Growth and form of gold nanorods prepared by seed-mediated, surfactant-directed synthesis. J. Mater. Chem. 12, 1765â1770 (2002).Ikeda, S. et al. Mechano-catalysisâa novel method for overall water splitting. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1, 4485â4491 (1999).Khalid, N. R., Ahmed, E., Hong, Z., Sana, L. & Ahmed, M. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of graphene-TiO2 composite under visible light irradiation. Curr. Appl. Phys. 13, 659â663 (2013).Singh, G. P., Shrestha, K. M., Nepal, A., Klabunde, K. J. & Sorensen, C. M. Graphene supported plasmonic photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution in photocatalytic water splitting. Nanotechnology 25, 265701 (2014).Wang, M., Han, J., Xiong, H. & Guo, R. Yolk@shell nanoarchitecture of Au@r-GO/TiO2 hybrids as powerful visible light photocatalysts. Langmuir 31, 6220â6228 (2015).Luo, Z. et al. Modulating the electronic structures of graphene by controllable hydrogenation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 233111 (2010).Sridhara Rao, D. V., Muraleedharan, K. & Humphreys, C. J. in Microscope Science, Technology, Applications and Education 3, 1232â1244Formatec (2010)
Recommended from our members
ECCE sensitivity studies for single hadron transverse single spin asymmetry measurements
The file archived on this repository is a pre-print and does not include peer review corrections. Please see the corrected version of record of this paper at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2023.168017.Comments: 22 pages, 22 figures, to be submitted to joint ECCE proposal NIM-A volume
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
Report number: ecce-paper-phys-2022-08
Cite as: arXiv:2207.10890 [hep-ex]
(or arXiv:2207.10890v1 [hep-ex] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2207.10890
Focus to learn more
Related DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2023.168017
Focus to learn more
Submission history
From: Ralf Seidl [view email]
[v1] Fri, 22 Jul 2022 05:52:35 UTC (23,821 KB)Copyright 2022 The Author(s). We performed feasibility studies for various single transverse spin measurements that are related to the Sivers effect, transversity and the tensor charge, and the Collins fragmentation function. The processes studied include semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) where single hadrons (pions and kaons) were detected in addition to the scattered DIS lepton. The data were obtained in pythia6 and geant4 simulated e+p collisions at 18 GeV on 275 GeV, 18 on 100, 10 on 100, and 5 on 41 that use the ECCE detector configuration. Typical DIS kinematics were selected, most notably 2 > 1 GeV2, and cover the range from 10â4 to 1. The single spin asymmetries were extracted as a function of and 2, as well as the semi-inclusive variables , which corresponds to the momentum fraction the detected hadron carries relative to the struck parton, and , which corresponds to the transverse momentum of the detected hadron relative to the virtual photon. They are obtained in azimuthal moments in combinations of the azimuthal angles of the hadron transverse momentum and transverse spin of the nucleon relative to the lepton scattering plane. In order to extract asymmetries, the initially unpolarized MonteCarlo was re-weighted in the true kinematic variables, hadron types and parton flavors based on global fits of fixed target SIDIS experiments and +â annihilation data. The expected statistical precision of such measurements is extrapolated to 10 fbâ1 and potential systematic uncertainties are approximated given the deviations between true and reconstructed yields. Similar neutron information is obtained by comparing the ECCE e+p pseudo-data with the same from the EIC Yellow Report and scaling the corresponding Yellow Report e+3He pseudo-data uncertainties accordingly. The impact on the knowledge of the Sivers functions, transversity and tensor charges, and the Collins function has then been evaluated in the same phenomenological extractions as in the Yellow Report. The impact is found to be comparable to that obtained with the parametrized Yellow Report detector and shows that the ECCE detector configuration can fulfill the physics goals on these quantitiesWe acknowledge support from the Office of Nuclear Physics in the Office of Science in the Department of Energy, USA, the National Science Foundation, USA, and the Los Alamos National Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD), USA 20200022DR.
This work was also partially supported by the National Science Foundation, USA under grant No. PHY-2011763, Grant No. PHY-2012002, the U.S. Department of Energy under contract No.DE-AC05-06OR23177 under which Jefferson Science Associates, LLC, manages and operates Jefferson Lab, and within the framework of the TMD Topical Collaboration
Highly efficient visible light photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to hydrocarbon fuels by Cu-NPs decorated graphene oxide
[[sponsorship]]ććèććç§ćžç 究æ[[note]]ć·Čćșç;[SCI];æ毩æ„ć¶ćșŠ;ć
·ä»ŁèĄšæ§[[note]]http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=Drexel&SrcApp=hagerty_opac&KeyRecord=1530-6984&DestApp=JCR&RQ=IF_CAT_BOXPLO
Recommended from our members
An Evaluation of Range Floodwater Spreaders
Range floodwater spreaders are systems of dikes constructed to automatically divert flood flows from gullies and spread them over adjacent range land. The primary purpose of the investigation was to determine what factors influence vegetal response to this supplemental moisture. Forage was established and produced only on sites that received at least one flooding per year. Forage production per unit of water was less when water was ponded and could not drain completely from the soil surface. The total moisture retention capacity of the A and B horizons had more influence than soil texture on the amount of forage produced.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202
- âŠ