Video_2_Case report: Severe pneumonia and pneumomediastinum in a previously robust adolescent caused by Omicron BA.5.2.MP4

The manifestation of severe pneumonia is only occasional, and pneumomediastinum is a condition that occurs rarely in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially in those patients who are infected with the Omicron variant. In addition, whether severe pneumonia or pneumomediastinum often occurs in patients in older age, in poor physical condition, or with underlying diseases remains to be ascertained. To date, severe pneumonia and pneumomediastinum due to Omicron infection had not been reported in a young patient with an excellent physical condition. In this study, we report such a case with the aforementioned manifestations in a robust adolescent infected with Omicron BA.5.2.</p

Video_1_Case report: Severe pneumonia and pneumomediastinum in a previously robust adolescent caused by Omicron BA.5.2.MP4

The manifestation of severe pneumonia is only occasional, and pneumomediastinum is a condition that occurs rarely in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially in those patients who are infected with the Omicron variant. In addition, whether severe pneumonia or pneumomediastinum often occurs in patients in older age, in poor physical condition, or with underlying diseases remains to be ascertained. To date, severe pneumonia and pneumomediastinum due to Omicron infection had not been reported in a young patient with an excellent physical condition. In this study, we report such a case with the aforementioned manifestations in a robust adolescent infected with Omicron BA.5.2.</p

Video_3_Case report: Severe pneumonia and pneumomediastinum in a previously robust adolescent caused by Omicron BA.5.2.MP4

The manifestation of severe pneumonia is only occasional, and pneumomediastinum is a condition that occurs rarely in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, especially in those patients who are infected with the Omicron variant. In addition, whether severe pneumonia or pneumomediastinum often occurs in patients in older age, in poor physical condition, or with underlying diseases remains to be ascertained. To date, severe pneumonia and pneumomediastinum due to Omicron infection had not been reported in a young patient with an excellent physical condition. In this study, we report such a case with the aforementioned manifestations in a robust adolescent infected with Omicron BA.5.2.</p

The M1 and M2 macrophages in the infarcted heart 5 and day 14 after treatments.

<p>Representative images showed the CD206-positve M2 macrophages (A) and CD86-positive M1 macrophages (C) within the infarction area. The nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar: 20 μm. Quantitative data of CD206-positve M2 macrophages (B) and CD86-positive M1 macrophages (D) are the mean± SEM from 5 or 6 independent individuals at each time point in each group. *p<0.05 versus control groups for each time point. CDCs: Cardiosphere-derived cells; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblasts.</p

Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) polarized macrophages toward M2 phenotype.

<p>Thioglycollate-activated macrophages were collected from mice and cultured with CDCs- or mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF)-conditioned medium for 3 days. Representative images showed the CD206-positive M2 macrophages (A) and CD86-positive M1 macrophages (C) in each group. The nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar: 50 μm. Quantitative data of CD206-positive M2 macrophages (B) and CD86-positive M1 macrophages (D) are the mean± SEM from 3 independent experiments.</p

Microvessel density around the border zone of infarction 5 and day 14 after treatments.

<p>(A) Representative images showed the microvessels stained positively with CD31 antibody. The nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar: 20 μm. (B) Quantitative data of microvessel density are the mean± SEM from 5 or 6 independent individuals at each time point in each group. *p<0.05 versus control groups for each time point. CDCs: Cardiosphere-derived cells; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblasts.</p

Apoptotic cells in the infarcted heart 5 and day 14 after treatments.

<p>(A) Representative images showed the TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells (green) within the infarction area. The nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar: 20 μm. (B) Quantitative data of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells are the mean± SEM from 5 or 6 independent individuals at each time point in each group. Arrows in (A) indicate positively stained cells. *P<0.05 versus control groups for each time point. CDCs: Cardiosphere-derived cells; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblasts.</p

The recruitment of the inflammatory cells in the infarcted heart 5 and day 14 after treatments.

<p>Representative images showed the whole macrophages (F4/80 positive, A) and NIMP-R14-positive neutrophils (C) within the infarction area. The nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar: 20 μm. Quantitative data of F4/80-positive macrophages (B) and NIMP-R14 positive-neutrophils (D) are the mean± SEM from 5 or 6 independent individuals at each time point in each group. *p<0.05 versus control groups for each time point. CDCs: Cardiosphere-derived cells; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblasts.</p