Interpreting the charge-dependent flow and constraining the chiral magnetic wave with event shape engineering

The charge asymmetry (Ach) dependence of anisotropic flow serves as an important tool to search for the chiral magnetic wave (CMW) in heavy-ion collisions. However, the background effect, such as the local charge conservation (LCC) entwined with collective flow, has not yet been unambiguously eliminated in the measurement. With the help of two models, the AMPT with initial quadrupole moment and the blast wave (BW) incorporating LCC, we discuss the features of the LCC-induced and the CMW-induced correlations between Ach and the flow. More importantly, we first propose to use the Event Shape Engineering (ESE) technique to distinguish the background and the signal for the CMW study. This method would be highly desirable in the experimental search for the CMW and provides more insights for understanding the charge-dependent collective motion of the quark-gluon plasma.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Charge-dependent transverse momentum and its impact on the search for the chiral magnetic wave

The chiral magnetic wave (CMW) is sought using the charge asymmetry ($A_{\rm ch}$) dependence of anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions. The charge dependent transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$), however, could play a role as a background. With the string fragmentation models, including PYTHIA, we demonstrate the origin of the $A_{\rm ch}-p_{\rm T}$ correlation and its connection with the local charge conservation (LCC). The impact of $A_{\rm ch}-p_{\rm T}$ and its behavior in varied kinematic windows are also discussed. This study provides more insights for the search for the CMW and comprehending the collective motion of the quark-gluon plasma.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection in gastric carcinoma and its effects on the malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Mycoplasma hyorhinis </it>infection has been postulated to play a role in the development of several types of cancer, but the direct evidence and mechanism remained to be determined.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Immunohistochemistry assay and nested polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) were performed to examine the <it>mycoplasma hyorhinis </it>infection in gastric cancer tissues. Statistical analysis was used to check the association between mycoplasma infection and clinicopathologic parameters. Transwell chamber assay and metastasis assay were used to evaluate <it>mycoplasma hyorhinis</it>' effects on metastasis in vitro and in vivo. <it>Mycoplasma hyorhinis</it>-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation were investigated by Western blot.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>My<it>coplasma hyorhinis </it>infection in gastric cancer tissues was revealed and statistical analysis indicated a significant association between mycoplasma infections and lymph node metastasis, Lauren's Classification, TNM stage, and age of the patients. <it>Mycoplasma hyorhinis </it>promoted tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis <it>in vitro </it>and <it>in vivo</it>, which was possibly associated with the enhanced phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2. The antibody against p37 protein of <it>Mycoplasma hyorhinis </it>could inhibit the migration of the infected cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The infection of <it>m</it>y<it>coplasma hyorhinis </it>may contribute to the development of gastric cancer and <it>Mycoplasma hyorhinis</it>-induced malignant phenotypes were possibly mediated by p37.</p

Transforming Multidisciplinary Customer Requirements to Product Design Specifications

With the increasing of complexity of complex mechatronic products, it is necessary to involve multidisciplinary design teams, thus, the traditional customer requirements modeling for a single discipline team becomes difficult to be applied in a multidisciplinary team and project since team members with various disciplinary backgrounds may have different interpretations of the customers’ requirements. A new synthesized multidisciplinary customer requirements modeling method is provided for obtaining and describing the common understanding of customer requirements (CRs) and more importantly transferring them into a detailed and accurate product design specifications (PDS) to interact with different team members effectively. A case study of designing a high speed train verifies the rationality and feasibility of the proposed multidisciplinary requirement modeling method for complex mechatronic product development. This proposed research offersthe instruction to realize the customer-driven personalized customization of complex mechatronic product

miR-590-3p protects against ischaemia/reperfusion injury in an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation cellular model by regulating HMGB1/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling

miR-590-3p has been reported to be reduced in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, but its specific role in cerebral I/R injury is still uncertain. Thus, we explored the function and mechanism of miR590-3p in cerebral I/R injury using a cellular model. miR-590-3p, high mobility group Box 1 (HMGB1), and signalling-related factor levels were assessed using qPCR or a western blot analysis. Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. The target of miR-590-3p was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blot analysis. We found that miR-590-3p was decreased and HMGB1 was increased in the OGD/R model. Upregulation of miR-590-3p reduced cell apoptosis and inflammation in the OGD/R model, and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling pathway was suppressed. However, inhibition of miR-590-3p showed the opposite effects. Moreover, HMGB1 was verified as a target gene of miR-590-3p. HMGB1 reversed the decrease in apoptosis and inflammation caused by overexpression of miR590-3p, and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling pathway was activated. Our results suggest that miR-590-3p regulates the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway by interacting with HMGB1 to protect against OGD/R-induced I/R injury. Thus, miR-590-3p may serve as a potential therapeutic target in cerebral I/R repair

High prevalence of thalassemia in migrant populations in Guangdong Province, China

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of thalassemia and to analyze the need for public health services for migrant populations in different cities in Guangdong Province, China. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 21 cities of Guangdong Province. Twenty-three types of a- and β-globin gene mutations were detected in a total of 14,230 pregnant women and 14,249 husbands. RESULTS: There was a 16.45% prevalence of thalassemia among the 28,479 individuals, and the prevalences of α-, β-, and combined α-/β- thalassemia were 12.03%, 3.80%, and 0.63%, respectively. Compared with the native city residents in the province, the migrants from within the province and the immigrants from outside the province had lower prevalences of thalassemia, but the prevalence values were >11%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence values for thalassemia gene mutations were high in all three population groups studied in Guangdong Province. The results indicate that all segments of the Guangdong population should be screened for thalassemia

Global constraint on the magnitude of anomalous chiral effects in heavy-ion collisions

When searching for anomalous chiral effects in heavy-ion collisions, one of the most crucial points is the relationship between the signal and the background. In this letter, we present a simulation in a modified blast wave model at LHC energy, which can simultaneously characterize the majority of measurable quantities, in particular, the chiral magnetic effect (CME) and the chiral magnetic wave (CMW) observables. Such a universal description, for the first time, naturally and quantitatively unifies the CME and the CMW studies and brings to light the connection with the local charge conservation (LCC) background. Moreover, a simple phenomenological approach is performed to introduce the signals, aiming at quantifying the maximum allowable strength of the signals within experimental precision. Such a constraint provides a novel perspective to understand the experimental data and sheds new light on the study of anomalous chiral effects as well as charge dependent correlations.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

An efficient intrathecal delivery of small interfering RNA to the spinal cord and peripheral neurons

We have developed a highly effective method for in vivo gene silencing in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) by a cationic lipid facilitated delivery of synthetic, small interfering RNA (siRNA). A siRNA to the delta opioid receptor (DOR), or a mismatch RNA, was mixed with the transfection reagent, i-Fect™ (vehicle), and delivered as repeated daily bolus doses (0.5 μg to 4 μg) via implanted intrathecal catheter to the lumbar spinal cord of rats. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, rats were tested for antinociception by the DOR selective agonist, [D-Ala(2), Glu(4)]deltorphin II (DELT), or the mu opioid receptor (MOR) selective agonist, [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO). Pretreatment with the siRNA, but not the mismatch RNA or vehicle alone, blocked DELT antinociception dose-dependently. The latter was concomitant with a reduction in the spinal immunoreactivity and receptor density of DOR, and in DOR transcripts in the lumbar DRG and spinal dorsal horn. Neither siRNA nor mismatch RNA pretreatment altered spinal immunoreactivity of MOR or antinociception by spinal DAMGO, and had no effect on the baseline thermal nociceptive threshold. The inhibition of function and expression of DOR by siRNA was reversed by 72 hr after the last RNA injection. The uptake of fluorescence-tagged siRNA was detected in both DRG and spinal cord. The low effective dose of siRNA/i-Fect™ complex reflects an efficient delivery of the siRNA to peripheral and spinal neurons, produced no behavioral signs of toxicity. This delivery method may be optimized for other gene targets

Self-catheterization of urinary bladder complicated with extraperitoneal abscess that mimics an infected bladder diverticulum

AbstractFor patients who are suffering from neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, intermittent urinary catheterization is an efficient way to empty the bladder.1 However, the method may result in various complications. Herein we present a rare complication of extraperitoneal abscess owing to intermittent urinary catheterization in a 62-year-old male who had cervical spine injury and was treated with intermittent urethral catheterization for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Treatment and a literature review are also described