Traffic Incident Database with Multiple Labels Including Various Perspective Environmental Information

A large dataset of annotated traffic accidents is necessary to improve the accuracy of traffic accident recognition using deep learning models. Conventional traffic accident datasets provide annotations on traffic accidents and other teacher labels, improving traffic accident recognition performance. However, the labels annotated in conventional datasets need to be more comprehensive to describe traffic accidents in detail. Therefore, we propose V-TIDB, a large-scale traffic accident recognition dataset annotated with various environmental information as multi-labels. Our proposed dataset aims to improve the performance of traffic accident recognition by annotating ten types of environmental information as teacher labels in addition to the presence or absence of traffic accidents. V-TIDB is constructed by collecting many videos from the Internet and annotating them with appropriate environmental information. In our experiments, we compare the performance of traffic accident recognition when only labels related to the presence or absence of traffic accidents are trained and when environmental information is added as a multi-label. In the second experiment, we compare the performance of the training with only contact level, which represents the severity of the traffic accident, and the performance with environmental information added as a multi-label. The results showed that 6 out of 10 environmental information labels improved the performance of recognizing the presence or absence of traffic accidents. In the experiment on the degree of recognition of traffic accidents, the performance of recognition of car wrecks and contacts was improved for all environmental information. These experiments show that V-TIDB can be used to learn traffic accident recognition models that take environmental information into account in detail and can be used for appropriate traffic accident analysis.Comment: Conference paper accepted to IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2023 Reason for revision: Corrected due to a missing space between sentences in the preview's abstract, which led to an unintended URL interpretatio

Characteristics of Ozone Jet Generated by Dielectric-Barrier Discharge

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:17206016/研究代表者:西山秀哉/プラズマ流動システムのマルチスケール統合化による最適制御)77

AMoND: Area-Controlled Mobile Ad-Hoc Networking With Digital Twin

Future smart cities are expected to provide intelligent services such as predictions, detections, and automation through digital twins. However, the creation of digital twins requires the processing of an enormous amount of data, thereby leading to an increase in mobile network traffic. This traffic is produced by applications in user devices and city services, which engage in local consumption at the city scale through sensor and camera devices using mobile networks. Such increased traffic can compromise the communication speed and stability. To alleviate this burden, traffic offloading becomes a crucial consideration in the beyond-5G era. This paper presents a scheme known as Area-Controlled Mobile Ad-Hoc Networking (AMoND). AMoND uses a hierarchical structure of a location layer and an ad-hoc layer to construct area-controlled mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) for mutual support of the digital twin and MANETs. AMoND effectively suppresses mobile network traffic by harnessing the digital twin to assist the MANETs during data collection for the digital twin construction. Importantly, the digital twin used in AMoND focuses on the management of node location information and does not need to reproduce the real space on a computer fully. AMoND is not dependent on a specific MANET protocol and can be used as an add-on. AMoND exhibits the ability to reduce traffic volumes by up to approximately 65%, while maintaining arrival rates that are comparable to existing MANET protocols under certain conditions

Changes in the Acetylome and Succinylome of Bacillus subtilis in Response to Carbon Source.

Lysine residues can be post-translationally modified by various acyl modifications in bacteria and eukarya. Here, we showed that two major acyl modifications, acetylation and succinylation, were changed in response to the carbon source in the Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Acetylation was more common when the cells were grown on glucose, glycerol, or pyruvate, whereas succinylation was upregulated when the cells were grown on citrate, reflecting the metabolic states that preferentially produce acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA, respectively. To identify and quantify changes in acetylation and succinylation in response to the carbon source, we performed a stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomic analysis of cells grown on glucose or citrate. We identified 629 acetylated proteins with 1355 unique acetylation sites and 204 succinylated proteins with 327 unique succinylation sites. Acetylation targeted different metabolic pathways under the two growth conditions: branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis and purine metabolism in glucose and the citrate cycle in citrate. Succinylation preferentially targeted the citrate cycle in citrate. Acetylation and succinylation mostly targeted different lysine residues and showed a preference for different residues surrounding the modification sites, suggesting that the two modifications may depend on different factors such as characteristics of acyl-group donors, molecular environment of the lysine substrate, and/or the modifying enzymes. Changes in acetylation and succinylation were observed in proteins involved in central carbon metabolism and in components of the transcription and translation machineries, such as RNA polymerase and the ribosome. Mutations that modulate protein acylation affected B. subtilis growth. A mutation in acetate kinase (ackA) increased the global acetylation level, suggesting that acetyl phosphate-dependent acetylation is common in B. subtilis, just as it is in Escherichia coli. Our results suggest that acyl modifications play a role in the physiological adaptations to changes in carbon nutrient availability of B. subtilis

Changes in the Acetylome and Succinylome of Bacillus subtilis in Response to Carbon Source.

Lysine residues can be post-translationally modified by various acyl modifications in bacteria and eukarya. Here, we showed that two major acyl modifications, acetylation and succinylation, were changed in response to the carbon source in the Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Acetylation was more common when the cells were grown on glucose, glycerol, or pyruvate, whereas succinylation was upregulated when the cells were grown on citrate, reflecting the metabolic states that preferentially produce acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA, respectively. To identify and quantify changes in acetylation and succinylation in response to the carbon source, we performed a stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomic analysis of cells grown on glucose or citrate. We identified 629 acetylated proteins with 1355 unique acetylation sites and 204 succinylated proteins with 327 unique succinylation sites. Acetylation targeted different metabolic pathways under the two growth conditions: branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis and purine metabolism in glucose and the citrate cycle in citrate. Succinylation preferentially targeted the citrate cycle in citrate. Acetylation and succinylation mostly targeted different lysine residues and showed a preference for different residues surrounding the modification sites, suggesting that the two modifications may depend on different factors such as characteristics of acyl-group donors, molecular environment of the lysine substrate, and/or the modifying enzymes. Changes in acetylation and succinylation were observed in proteins involved in central carbon metabolism and in components of the transcription and translation machineries, such as RNA polymerase and the ribosome. Mutations that modulate protein acylation affected B. subtilis growth. A mutation in acetate kinase (ackA) increased the global acetylation level, suggesting that acetyl phosphate-dependent acetylation is common in B. subtilis, just as it is in Escherichia coli. Our results suggest that acyl modifications play a role in the physiological adaptations to changes in carbon nutrient availability of B. subtilis

Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Interferon-Stimulated Gene Responses Induced by Seasonal Influenza A Virus with Varying Growth Capabilities in Human Lung Epithelial Cell Lines

In a previous study, we described the diverse growth capabilities of circulating seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs) with low to high viral copy numbers in vitro. In this study, we analyzed the cause of differences in growth capability by evaluating pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-β) and antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISG-15, IFIM1, and TRIM22). A549 cells (3.0 × 105 cells) were inoculated with circulating seasonal IAV strains and incubated for 6 and 24 h. In cells inoculated for 6 h, IAV production was assessed using IAV-RNA copies in the culture supernatant and cell pellets to evaluate gene expression. At 24 h post-infection, cells were collected for IFN-β and ISG-15 protein expression. A549 cells inoculated with seasonal IAV strains with a high growth capability expressed lower levels of IFN-β and ISGs than strains with low growth capabilities. Moreover, suppression of the JAK/STAT pathway enhanced the viral copies of seasonal IAV strains with a low growth capability. Our results suggest that the expression of ISG-15, IFIM1, and TRIM22 in seasonal IAV-inoculated A549 cells could influence the regulation of viral replication, indicating the existence of strains with high and low growth capability. Our results may contribute to the development of new and effective therapeutic strategies to reduce the risk of severe influenza infections

Toward the Creation of Induced Pluripotent Small (iPS) Molecules: Establishment of a Modular Synthetic Strategy to the Heronamide C-type Polyene Macrolactams and Their Conformational and Reactivity Analysis

A highly modular synthetic strategy to the heronamide C-type polyene macrolactams was established by synthesizing 8-deoxyheronamide C (2). The developed strategy enabled not only the total synthesis of 8-deoxyheronamide C (2) but also the unified synthesis of four heronamide-like molecules named “heronamidoids” (5–8). Conformational and reactivity analysis of the heronamidoids clarified that (1) the C19 stereochemistry mainly affected the conformation of the amide linkage, resulting in the change of alignment of two polyene units and reactivity towards photochemical [6π+6π] cycloaddition, and (2) the C8,C9-diol moiety is important for the conversion to the heronamide A-type skeleton from the heronamide C skeleton

Positions of acyl modification sites in RNA polymerase subunits.

<p>Location of acetylation (red line) and succinylation (blue line) sites with amino acid residue numbers are shown. K638, at which succinylation was reproducibly upregulated in the citrate condition, is underlined. Functional and structural regions are shown with black bars; the positions were estimated using amino acid sequence alignment and structural modeling based on information from <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> RNAP [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0131169#pone.0131169.ref060" target="_blank">60</a>,<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0131169#pone.0131169.ref061" target="_blank">61</a>].</p