Dysfunctional GABAergic inhibition in the prefrontal cortex leading to "psychotic" hyperactivation-2

, which are connected reciprocally and have also self-innervations. All populations of neurons are under dopaminergic modulation via D1 receptors. The transient input to the pyramidal neurons triggers the dynamics of the circuit.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Dysfunctional GABAergic inhibition in the prefrontal cortex leading to "psychotic" hyperactivation"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/9/41</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2008;9():41-41.</p><p>Published online 25 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2387163.</p><p></p

Dysfunctional GABAergic inhibition in the prefrontal cortex leading to "psychotic" hyperactivation-4

L axis is the D1 receptor activation level (which is denoted by in the text). Only the curves numbered 0 correspond to the equilibrium state of the PFC circuit. See the text for the method of drawing of this diagram.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Dysfunctional GABAergic inhibition in the prefrontal cortex leading to "psychotic" hyperactivation"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/9/41</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2008;9():41-41.</p><p>Published online 25 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2387163.</p><p></p

Dysfunctional GABAergic inhibition in the prefrontal cortex leading to "psychotic" hyperactivation-0

, which are connected reciprocally and have also self-innervations. All populations of neurons are under dopaminergic modulation via D1 receptors. The transient input to the pyramidal neurons triggers the dynamics of the circuit.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Dysfunctional GABAergic inhibition in the prefrontal cortex leading to "psychotic" hyperactivation"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/9/41</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2008;9():41-41.</p><p>Published online 25 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2387163.</p><p></p

Dysfunctional GABAergic inhibition in the prefrontal cortex leading to "psychotic" hyperactivation-3

0.95, and D: 1.06). Note that the onset of the H mode is very quick (less than 100 ms), whereas the inverted-U mode profiles are very slow to evolve. Even at = 1000 ms, the profiles of the inverted-U mode have not reached the equilibrium states. The profiles at equilibrium are shown in Figure 3.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Dysfunctional GABAergic inhibition in the prefrontal cortex leading to "psychotic" hyperactivation"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/9/41</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2008;9():41-41.</p><p>Published online 25 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2387163.</p><p></p

The profiles of the activation functions of the chandelier cells (C) and the other GABAergic interneurons (N) in the model

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Dysfunctional GABAergic inhibition in the prefrontal cortex leading to "psychotic" hyperactivation"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/9/41</p><p>BMC Neuroscience 2008;9():41-41.</p><p>Published online 25 Apr 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2387163.</p><p></p

Impact of brand authenticity on word-of-mouth for tourism souvenirs

Although prior studies have shown that consumers who perceive brand authenticity are more likely to spread word-of-mouth (WOM) recommendations, the underlying explanatory mechanism in the context of souvenir products in tourism remains unclear. To fill this gap, this study presents a hypothetical framework that elucidates the mechanisms through which brand authenticity influences positive WOM and identifies the boundary condition that enhances its effects, drawing on consumer inference theory. Through a survey conducted on a fictitious food souvenir brand in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture, a prominent tourist destination in Japan, we confirm that a company’s commitment to the brand’s roots, as inferred from brand authenticity, mediates the relationship between brand authenticity and positive WOM. Additionally, we show that this indirect effect is strengthened by consumers’ perceptions of the craftsman’s passion. These findings offer novel insights into marketing communication strategies aimed at amplifying positive WOM for future food souvenirs in a tourism context.</p

Universal Temperature Crossover Behavior of Electrical Conductance in a Single Oligothiophene Molecular Wire

We have observed and analyzed a universal temperature crossover behavior of electrical conductance in a single oligothiophene molecular wire. The crossover between the Arrhenius-type temperature dependence at high temperature and the temperature-invariant behavior at low temperature is found at a critical molecular wire length of 5.6 nm, where we found a change from the exponential length dependence to the length-invariant behavior. We have derived a scaling function analysis for the origin of the crossover behavior. After assuring that the analysis fits the explanation of the Keldysh Green’s function calculation for the temperature dependence, we have applied it to our experimental results and found successfully that our scaling function gives a universal description of the temperature dependence for all over the temperature range

Even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids are differentially associated with adipokines

<div><p>Background</p><p>Saturated fatty acids are generally thought to have detrimental effects on health. However, a recent study showed that even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids had opposite associations with type 2 diabetes. Limited studies of Western populations examined the associations of circulating saturated fatty acids with adipokines, an important role in glucose metabolism.</p><p>Objective</p><p>We examined the associations of saturated fatty acids in serum phospholipids with circulating levels of adipokines among a Japanese population.</p><p>Design</p><p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 484 Japanese employees (284 men and 200 women) aged 20–65 years. The serum fatty acid composition in the phospholipid fraction was measured by gas-chromatography. Serum leptin, adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), resistin, and visfatin were measured using a Luminex suspension bead-based multiplexed array. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the association between saturated fatty acids and adipokines, with adjustment for potential confounding variables.</p><p>Results</p><p>Even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids were differentially associated with adipokines. Higher levels of even-chain saturated fatty acids (14:0 myristic, 16:0 palmitic, and 18:0 stearic acids) were associated with higher levels of resistin (P for trend = 0.048) and lower levels of adiponectin (P for trend = 0.003). By contrast, odd-chain saturated fatty acids (15:0 pentadecanoic and 17:0 heptadecanoic acids) showed inverse associations with leptin and PAI-1 (P for trend = 0.048 and 0.02, respectively). Visfatin was positively associated with both even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The results suggest that even- and odd-chain saturated fatty acids are differentially associated with adipokine profile.</p></div

Multivariate adjusted geometric means (and 95% confidence interval) for adipokines among phospholipids saturated fatty acids.

<p>Multivariate adjusted geometric means (and 95% confidence interval) for adipokines among phospholipids saturated fatty acids.</p

Characteristics of participants^a.

<p>Characteristics of participants<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0178192#t001fn001" target="_blank">^a</a>.</p