4 research outputs found
Estimation of life expectancy changes in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiyary Province, Iran, during 2005-2009
Get PDFزمینه و هدف: امید زندگی یکی از اندازه های خلاصه، برای سلامت جمعیت است که مقادیر و روند تغییرات آن در طول زمان، نتیجه اصلی عملکرد نظام سلامت را نشان می دهد. این مطالعه با هدف برآورد تغییرات امید زندگی در طی سالهای 1384 تا 1388 در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام گردید. روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی اپیدمیولوژیک که به بررسی امید زندگی با استفاده از اطلاعات جمعیتی (آمار موجود در مرکز بهداشت استان) و مرگ و میر (بر اساس داده های کشوری ثبت مرگ) بر حسب سن و جنس در سال های 1384، 1385، 1386 و 1388 در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری می پردازد. اطلاعات با استفاده از فرمول های آماری و جمعیت شناسی و ساخت جدول عمر با توجه به دستورالعمل سازمان جهانی بهداشت به کمک نرم افزارهای Excel و PAS (Population Analysis Spreadsheets) تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. یافته ها: امید زندگی در کل جمعیت استان در سال های 1384، 1385 و 1386 به ترتیب 03/70 سال (مردان 7/68 و زنان 49/71 سال)، 24/72 سال (مردان 55/70 و زنان 08/74 سال) و 38/72 سال (مردان 97/70 و زنان 95/73 سال) بوده و همچنین در سال 1388 امید زندگی در مردان به 14/72 و در زنان به 38/75 و در کل جمعیت به 7/73 سال افزایش یافت. نتیجه گیری: امید زنـــدگی در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری در زنان بیشتر از مردان بوده و روند آن در طی سال های مورد بررسی رو به افزایش بوده است
Effect of cold plasma on degradation of organophosphorus pesticides used on some agricultural products
No full textThis study investigated the potential effect of cold plasma on reducing residues of pesticides
diazinon and chlorpyrifos in apples and cucumbers and its effects on property of products.
Two separate concentrations of each pesticide with 500 and 1,000 ppm were prepared and
the samples were inoculated by dipping them into the solutions. All samples treated with
pesticides were exposed to cold plasma in a monopole cold plasma apparatus (DBD) run
at 10 and 13 kV voltages. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was used to remove pesticide
residues from the samples. Eventually, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
was used to measure the amount of pesticides in the samples. Also, to investigate generated
metabolites, extracts were injected into a GC/MS apparatus. In addition, the eff ects
of cold plasma on humidity, tissue hardness, color and the sugar percentage of products
were analyzed. Th e results revealed that treatment of samples with cold plasma considerably
reduced pesticide residues without leaving any traces of harmful or toxic substances.
Furthermore, it did not have any undesirable effects on the color and texture of the samples.
The efficiency of this method increased with higher voltage and longer exposure time. In general,
the best results were obtained by the combination of 500 ppm concentration, 10 min
exposure and 13 kV voltages. The residues of diazinon were reduced better than the residues
of chlorpyrifos. Apples were detoxified much better than cucumbers. Also, cold plasma treatment
transformed diazinon and chlorpyrifos pesticides into their less toxic metabolites. The
results showed that with increased voltage and longer exposure time, cold plasma caused few
changes in moisture and glucose content, texture hardness and color of products. There were
no significant difference between treated samples and control in all treatments
