8 research outputs found
Steam Pyrolysis of Polyimides: Effects of Steam on Raw Material Recovery
Aromatic
polyimides (PIs) have excellent thermal stability, which
makes them difficult to recycle, and an effective way to recycle PIs
has not yet been established. In this work, steam pyrolysis of the
aromatic PI Kapton was performed to investigate the recovery of useful
raw materials. Steam pyrolysis significantly enhanced the gasification
of Kapton at 900 °C, resulting in 1963.1 mL g<sup>–1</sup> of a H<sub>2</sub> and CO rich gas. Simultaneously, highly porous
activated carbon with a high BET surface area was recovered. Steam
pyrolysis increased the presence of polar functional groups on the
carbon surface. Thus, it was concluded that steam pyrolysis shows
great promise as a recycling technique for the recovery of useful
synthetic gases and activated carbon from PIs without the need for
catalysts and organic solvents
Simultaneous Recovery of Benzene-Rich Oil and Metals by Steam Pyrolysis of Metal-Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Composite Waste
The
possibility of simultaneous recovery of benzene and metals
from the hydrolysis of polyÂ(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-based materials
such as X-ray films, magnetic tape, and prepaid cards under a steam
atmosphere at a temperature of 450 °C was evaluated. The hydrolysis
resulted in metal-containing carbonaceous residue and volatile terephthalic
acid (TPA). The effects of metals and additives on the recovery process
were also investigated. All metals were quantitatively recovered,
and silver, maghemite (Îł-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), and anatase
(TiO<sub>2</sub>) were recovered without any changes in their crystal
structures or compositions. In a second step, TPA was decarboxylized
in the presence of calcium oxide (CaO) at 700 °C, producing benzene
with an average yield of 34% and purity of 76%. Maghemite (Îł-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) incorporated in magnetic tape and prepaid cards
could decarboxylate TPA. Aluminum present in the prepaid cards produced
hydrogen by the reaction with steam. However, the presence of metals
had no adverse influence on the recovery of benzene-rich oil in the
presence of CaO. Therefore, this method can be applied to PET-based
materials containing inorganic substances, which cannot be recycled
effectively otherwise
Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Impact of lymphocyte differential count > 15% in BALF on the mortality of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic fibrosing idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
The receiver operating characteristic curve for the neutrophil differential count in BALF for predicting the OS in AE of CFIIP. (PPTX 78Ă‚Â kb
Recent Advancements in Pyrolysis of Halogen-Containing Plastics for Resource Recovery and Halogen Upcycling: A State-of-the-Art Review
Plastic waste has emerged as a serious
issue due to its impact
on environmental degradation and resource scarcity. Plastic recycling,
especially of halogen-containing plastics, presents challenges due
to potential secondary pollution and lower-value implementations.
Chemical recycling via pyrolysis is the most versatile and robust
approach for combating plastic waste. In this Review, we present recent
advancements in halogen-plastic pyrolysis for resource utilization
and the potential pathways from “reducing to recycling to upcycling”
halogens. We emphasize the advanced management of halogen-plastics
through copyrolysis with solid wastes (waste polymers, biomass, coal,
etc.), which is an efficient method for dealing with mixed wastes
to obtain high-value products while reducing undesirable substances.
Innovations in catalyst design and reaction configurations for catalytic
pyrolysis are comprehensively evaluated. In particular, a tandem catalysis
system is a promising route for halogen removal and selective conversion
of targeted products. Furthermore, we propose novel insights regarding
the utilization and upcycling of halogens from halogen-plastics. This
includes the preparation of halogen-based sorbents for elemental mercury
removal, the halogenation–vaporization process for metal recovery,
and the development of halogen-doped functional materials for new
materials and energy applications. The reutilization of halogens facilitates
the upcycling of halogen-plastics, but many efforts are needed for
mutually beneficial outcomes. Overall, future investigations in the
development of copyrolysis and catalyst-driven technologies for upcycling
halogen-plastics are highlighted
Radiological fibrosis score is strongly associated with worse survival in rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease
<p><b>Objectives:</b> High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) parenchymal patterns have been used to predict prognosis in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the fibrosis score (i.e. the combined extent of reticulation and honeycombing) has been associated with worse survival. This study aimed to identify HRCT patterns and patient characteristics that can predict poor prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis-related ILD (RA-ILD).</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively analysed 65 patients with newly diagnosed RA-ILD from 2007 to 2016 at Kurashiki Central hospital. Using univariate and bivariate Cox regression analysis, associations with mortality, were identified.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> During a median follow-up of 56.5 months, 16/65 (24.6%) patients died. Univariate analysis identified six significant poor prognostic factors: lower baseline % predicted forced vital capacity, total interstitial disease score, reticulation score, traction bronchiectasis score, fibrosis score, and definite UIP pattern. Fibrosis score remained to be an independently significant poor prognostic factor of survival on bivariate analysis. Patients with a fibrosis score >20% had higher mortality (HR, 9.019; 95% CI, 2.87–28.35; <i>p</i> < .05).</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> This study showed that fibrosis score is strongly associated with worse survival in RA-ILD, and patients with fibrosis score >20% had a 9.019-fold increased risk of mortality.</p
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Development and validation of a prognostic scoring model for Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease: an observational cohort study
Survivals according to scores of Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease prognostic index. Survivals (1-year, 3-year, and 5-year) according to the prognostic scores are shown. (DOCX 14Ă‚Â kb
Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Development and validation of a preoperative prognostic index independent of TNM stage in resected non-small cell lung cancer
The comparisons of the AUCs for the ROC curves between the prognostic index 1 and 2 are shown. (PDF 53 kb