Особенности эпизоотического процесса при мониезиозе и смешанных гельминтозах у овец в Республике Таджикистан

Objective of research: The study of features of epizootic process of monieziasis and mixed helminthiasis in sheep of Tajikistan. Materials and methods: Research was conducted in different sheep farms including «Charvozor» of Vakhsh region, «Danghara» of Danghara region, «Chorubkul» of Temurmaliksk region and other private farms in 2015-2017. Fecal samples from 548 lambs, 636 from young and 717 from adult sheep were investigated in different months using Fuelleborni method of flotation, and Berman technique for the diagnosis of dictyocaulosis. The research results were statistically processed. Results and discussion: Significant differences in seasonal dynamics of monieziasis in sheep caused by Moniezia expansa and М. Benedeni as well as dependence of the infestation of different Moniezia species on the age of animals was determined. In monieziasis occurring in spring and summer seasons (causative agent M. expansa) lambs become infected in May, the peak of infection falls on July. Towards autumn, a decrease in infection was observed, and in winter M. expansa rarely found. Adult sheep were mostly infected with M. benedeni, and in lambs this infection was found in July-August; the maximum level of infection was observed in March of the following year. M. benedeni remained viable in lambs within 10-12 months in regular superinfections (September-October) during the whole winter season. At the beginning of spring, spontaneous discharge of moniezia from sheep body occured. Monieziasis (M. expansa) in a severe form + dictyocaulosis as well as monieziasis+ hemonhosis+nematodirosis+ strongyloidosis at different combinations of components of parasitic cenosis occur in lambs of 2,5 to 6 months of age. Two and three-component infections are most common in sheep from joint-stock and individual sheep farms of piedmont and mountain region of Tajikistan.Цель исследований - изучить особенности эпизоотического процесса при мониезиозе и смешанных гельминтозах у овец в Республике Таджикистан. Материалы и методы. Исследования проводили в различных овцеводческих хозяйствах, в том числе «Чарвозор» Вахшского района, «Дангара» Дангаринского района, «Чорубкул» Тимурмолинского района Д /Ф хозяйства им. «Чорубкул» Темурмаликского района и в индивидуальных частных хозяйствах в 2015-2017 гг. Пробы фекалий от 548 ягнят, 636 голов молодняка и 717 взрослых овец исследовали в разные месяцы с использованием флотационного метода Фюллеборна, а при диктиокаулезе - метода Бермана. Полученные результаты обработали статистически. Результаты и обсуждение. Установлена существенная разница в сезонной динамике мониезиоза овец, вызываемого Moniezia expansa и М. benedeni, а также выяснена зависимость зараженности разными видами мониезий от возраста животных. При весенне-летнем мониезиозе (возбудитель M. expansa) ягнята заражаются в мае, пик инвазии - в июле. К осени инвазированность ягнят уменьшается, и в зимний период M. expansa обнаруживают редко. Мониезиями вида M. benedeni в большей степени инвазированы взрослые овцы, а среди молодняка инвазия этим видом установлена в июле-августе с последующим максимумом в марте следующего года. M. benedeni остаются жизнеспособными в организме молодняка 10-12 мес. при регулярных суперинвазиях (сентябрь-октябрь) в течение всего зимнего периода. В начале весны происходит самопроизвольное освобождение животных от мониезий. В тяжелой форме у ягнят 2,5-6-месячного возраста проявляется мониезиоз (M. expansa) + диктиокаулез, а также мониезиоз + гемонхоз + нематодироз + стронгилоидоз при различных сочетаниях компонентов паразитоценоза. Наиболее часто встречаются двух- и трехкомпонентные инвазии овец в акционерных и индивидуальных частных овцеводческих хозяйствах предгорной и горной зон Республики Таджикистан

Combination machine for soil preparation and sowing of gourds

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the method and design scheme of a combined machine for preparing the soil and sowing melons. The authors propose a new method of soil preparation and sowing, as well as a machine for its implementation. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. The method of preparing the soil and planting gourds provides a combination of the following technological processes: the turnover of the layers of the upper layer of soil, the sowing area to the left and to the right, shallow tilling the soil of the field with the left and right sides of the sowing area, deep tillage seeding areas with simultaneous formation of irrigation furrows and the local application of fertilizers, soil preparation for sowing in line sowing and sowing seeds of melons. The machine consists of lister housings installed along the axis of symmetry of the unit, flat cutters, parallel-type deep-diggers, furrowers, coulters for fertilizing, and a sowing device. It was found that preparation of soil for sowing and planting of melons with a minimum expenditure of energy is provided by the width of Lusternik buildings 86 cm, the width of tillers and cultivators, respectively, 45 and 33 cm, the longitudinal distance between the body and the plane of 35 cm between the cultivators of 42.3 cm, and longitudinal spacing of the chisel cultivator and sowing device 110 cm

Parameters of slitter for embedding manure in soil for melon crops

The purpose of the study is the theoretical justification of the parameters of the slitter for embedding manure in the soil. A slitter has been developed for lifting the formation, forming a gap along the manure strip lying on the field's surface, pushing it into the gap, and leveling the gap with soil. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. The slitter includes a rack, large and small cheeks connected to a soil-supporting plate with an increasing slope from the bottom to the top towards the small cheek and adjacent to the soil-supporting plate. A window is made in the big cheek for the passage of manure. The large cheek is somewhat pushed forward relative to the soil-bearing plate, and its front face is pointed. It is established that when planting fertilizers, the following operations must be carried out: lifting the formation, forming a gap along the manure strip lying on the field's surface, pushing the latter into the gap, and leveling the gap with soil. The working bodies of the dump type are the most acceptable for lifting the formation and the formation of a gap. The following optimal values of the parameters of the slitter are established: the removal of the large cheek is 710 mm, the width is 200 mm, the length and height of the window are 550 and 250 mm, respectively, and the angle between the forming and field edge in the horizontal plane is 42°, the height of the small and large cheeks of the slitter is 300 and 250 mm, respectively

Traction resistance of the combined machine plough

Subsoils are widely used on tillage and combination machines. The tiller of the combined machine for preparing the soil for sowing melons and gourds carries out strip loosening of the subsoil layers. The study aims to theoretically determine the traction resistance of a soil deepener of a combined machine for preparing the soil for sowing melons and gourds. The study uses the basic provisions of mathematics, theoretical mechanics, and agricultural mechanics. In studies, it is assumed that the destruction of the soil under the influence of the drill bit occurs by separation. The total traction resistance of the subsoiler was determined as the sum of the resistance of the rack and the bit. An analytical expression has been obtained to determine the traction resistance of a tilting machine with an inclined stand, depending on its design, technological parameters, and the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. As a result of theoretical studies, it was found that the traction resistance of the soil deepener is mainly influenced by its design parameters, the depth of soil cultivation, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, and the speed of the machine

Propagation of Chlorella Vulgaris and Scenedesmus Obliquus in Dengizkul Lake and determination of protein content in them

The relative differentiation of the protein content in green algae grown in the contours of the Dengizkul reservoir was due to the fact that the level of mineralization of the water of the contours was low at the entrances(mouth) of the lake and high at the contours remote from it. Therefore, when growing green algae with a high protein content of Сhlorella vulgaris Beijer. and Scenedesmus obliquus (Turp.) Kütz., the most optimal nutrient medium is the variant in which the juice of poultry manure is mixed with 1,2,3 g / l of water. The recommendations on the breeding of Сhlorella vulgaris Beijer. and Scenedesmus obliquus (Turp.) Kütz. suspension grown in pools in semi-productive conditions by feeding fish Hypophthalmichthys molitrix are scientifically substantiated

Features of epizootic process of monieziasis and mixed helminthiasis in sheep of the Republic of Tajikistan

Objective of research: The study of features of epizootic process of monieziasis and mixed helminthiasis in sheep of Tajikistan. Materials and methods: Research was conducted in different sheep farms including «Charvozor» of Vakhsh region, «Danghara» of Danghara region, «Chorubkul» of Temurmaliksk region and other private farms in 2015-2017. Fecal samples from 548 lambs, 636 from young and 717 from adult sheep were investigated in different months using Fuelleborni method of flotation, and Berman technique for the diagnosis of dictyocaulosis. The research results were statistically processed. Results and discussion: Significant differences in seasonal dynamics of monieziasis in sheep caused by Moniezia expansa and М. Benedeni as well as dependence of the infestation of different Moniezia species on the age of animals was determined. In monieziasis occurring in spring and summer seasons (causative agent M. expansa) lambs become infected in May, the peak of infection falls on July. Towards autumn, a decrease in infection was observed, and in winter M. expansa rarely found. Adult sheep were mostly infected with M. benedeni, and in lambs this infection was found in July-August; the maximum level of infection was observed in March of the following year. M. benedeni remained viable in lambs within 10-12 months in regular superinfections (September-October) during the whole winter season. At the beginning of spring, spontaneous discharge of moniezia from sheep body occured. Monieziasis (M. expansa) in a severe form + dictyocaulosis as well as monieziasis+ hemonhosis+nematodirosis+ strongyloidosis at different combinations of components of parasitic cenosis occur in lambs of 2,5 to 6 months of age. Two and three-component infections are most common in sheep from joint-stock and individual sheep farms of piedmont and mountain region of Tajikistan

ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGY AND MACHINERY FOR GROWING MELONS

The article presents the results of research on the development of energy-resource-saving technology and a combined machine for its implementation, on the cultivation of melons

WORLD EXPERIENCE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE YOUTH POLICY OF UZBEKISTAN

The results of the deepening of democratic transformations and the development of civil society in Uzbekistan will be manifested with the active participation of young people with scientific potential in making critical decisions. The expansion of institutional boundaries will provide an opportunity to expand the factors of political processes as an intermediary between the state and civil society. A set of measures to realize the talents and abilities of young people, provided for in the State Program “Year of Dialogue with the People and Protection of Human Interests”, proposed by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, will serve as the political ground for increasing the activity of citizens in socio-political processes. This article discusses proposals for improving the state youth policy and the processes of their implementation based on the study of global experience, as well as issues of youth participation in the formation and development of youth organizations, their place, and role. Also, issues of support for gifted young people in need of social protection, continuous improvement of the legal culture, thinking and education of young people by the requirements of the time, close interconnection of the development of the country\u27s economy with the development of the scientific potential of young personnel, creation of conditions for ensuring vigorous activity, which will contribute to the development of socio-political and economic reforms