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Selective Inactivation of Bacteriophage in the Presence of Bacteria by Use of Ground Rh-Doped SrTiO<sub>3</sub> Photocatalyst and Visible Light
Bacteriophage (denoted as phage)
infection in the bacterial fermentation industry is a major problem,
leading to the loss of fermented products such as alcohol and lactic
acid. Currently, the prevention of phage infection is limited to biological
approaches, which are difficult to apply in an industrial setting.
Herein, we report an alternative chemical approach using ground Rh-doped
SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (denoted as g-STO:Rh) as a visible-light-driven
photocatalyst. The g-STO:Rh showed selective inactivation of phage
without bactericidal activity when irradiated with visible light (λ
> 440 nm). After inactivation, the color of g-STO:Rh changed from
gray to purple, suggesting that the Rh valence state partially changed
from 3+ to 4+ induced by photocatalysis, as confirmed by diffuse reflectance
spectroscopy. To study the effect of the Rh<sup>4+</sup> ion on phage
inactivation under visible-light irradiation, the survival rate of
phage for g-STO:Rh was compared to that for ground Rh,Sb-codoped SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (denoted as g-STO:Rh,Sb), where the change of Rh valence
state from 3+ to 4+ is almost suppressed under visible-light irradiation
due to charge compensation by the Sb<sup>5+</sup> ion. Only g-STO:Rh
effectively inactivated phage, which indicated that Rh<sup>4+</sup> ion induced by photocatalysis particularly contributed to phage
inactivation under visible-light irradiation. These results suggested
that g-STO:Rh has potential as an antiphage material in bacterial
fermentation