Oxidation-resistant nano-reinforced PC-refractories of modified phenol formaldehyde resin. Part 3. Formation mechanism of organic-inorganic complexes during low-temperature synthesis of nanoparticles of additional antioxidants and their effectiveness

SiC nanoparticles that could be used as an antioxidant for periclase-carbon (PC) refractories were synthesized from the organic—inorganic complex (‒СН₃)‒(SiO₂)n that formed during heating of silicon alkoxide and thermal destruction of its gels. Use of phenolformaldehyde resins modified with silicon alkoxide and its sols was proposed and enabled the formation of an organic—inorganic complex (-СН₃)‒(SiO₂)n‒С with a high C content. This increased the yield of SiC synthesized in the carbon binder. The addition of Ni precursors (additional antioxidant) formed an even more complicated organic—inorganic complex. Use of the complex (‒СН₃)‒(SiO₂)n‒Ni(NiO)‒С together with Al improved the operating characteristics of the PC refractories. It was found that their resistance to oxidation was increased after the complex antioxidant Al + SiC + Ni(NiO) formed