ショウガク 1ネンセイ ニオケル ヨウチエン シュッシンシャ ト ホイクショ シュッシンシャ ノ エイヨウ セッシュ ジョウキョウ ノ ヒカク

京都市内の一小学校の1年生120名を対象者に, 6月の休日および平日各1日に摂取した全食品の摂食量の記録を保護者に依頼し, 回答のあった男子41名, 女子47名, 計88名(73.3%)の栄養素および食品群別摂取量を出身別に比較検討した。その結果, 幼稚園出身者が保育所出身者より有意に高値を示したのは, 男子の果実類摂取量, 女子の脂質摂取量, 脂肪エネルギー比率であった。その他の項目では出身別に有意な差は認めなかった。全体において, 推定平均必要量以下の者の割合は, カルシウムは男子56.1%, 女子55.3%, 鉄は男子29.3%, 女子27.7%, ビタミンCは男子34.1%, 女子31.9%, 脂肪エネルギー比率が30%以上の割合は男子61.0%, 女子63.8%, 食塩6g以上の割合は男子78.0%, 女子68.1%と高かった。これより, 小学1年生において出身別の差は少ないこと, カルシウム, 鉄の不足者割合が高く, 脂質及び食塩の摂取量が目標量を超える者の割合が多い可能性が示唆された

Texture Evolution of a Rolled Aluminum Sheet in Multi-Pass Conventional Spinning

This study clarified the evolution of texture in the thickness direction of the cylindrical cup which was spun from a rolled aluminum sheet in 13 passes, using electron backscatter diffraction pattern analysis. The study also obtained the relationship between the strain and layer structure, characterized by the textures. The spun workpiece had three layers in the thickness direction. The layer structure was composed of four types of textures: the Cu texture, “texture-I”, which rotated 20° around <111> from the Cu texture; “texture-II”, which rotated 5° around its <110> from the Cu texture; and “texture-III”, which rotated 10° around its <001> from texture-I. When a blank disk had the sandwich-type layer structure Cu-I-Cu in its thickness direction, the structure changed to the Cu-II-II and Cu-III-III layer structures for the negative and positive thickness directional strains, respectively. A complex-type structure was found in the transition from Cu-I-Cu to Cu-II-II and Cu-III-III

Effects of grain size on the sheared surface in micropiercing of austenitic stainless steel SUS304

Over the last decade, development of fine-grained materials and investigation into the effect of different grain sizes on metal forming at the micro-scale have been seen worldwide. There were several technical reports and scientific papers dealing with the quality improvements with use of the ultra-fine grained steel due to the different grain deformations. However, there were few studies concerning effect of the grain size on the sheared surface in micropiercing. In this study, we investigated stability of the sheared surface length of the cross section in micro-pierced holes. The inner diameter of the holes and maximum piercing forces were measured in order to evaluate the effect of the grain size in the micropiercing process. As reducing the material grain size, ratio of the fractured surface and maximum piercing force increased with tendency to tensile strength. However, the ratio of the burnished surface to the fractured surface as well as inner diameter of the pierced holes varied, depending on the grain size of the material. As a result, a suitable grain size should be considered for a micropiercing process

A New Therapeutic Modality for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of Pitavastatin Induces Cardioprotection from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Activation of PI3K/Akt Pathway and Anti-Inflammation in a Rat Model.

There is an unmet need to develop an innovative cardioprotective modality for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), for which the effectiveness of interventional reperfusion therapy is hampered by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Pretreatment with statins before ischemia is shown to reduce MI size in animals. However, no benefit was found in animals and patients with AMI when administered at the time of reperfusion, suggesting insufficient drug targeting into the IR myocardium. Here we tested the hypothesis that nanoparticle-mediated targeting of pitavastatin protects the heart from IR injury.In a rat IR model, poly(lactic acid/glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle incorporating FITC accumulated in the IR myocardium through enhanced vascular permeability, and in CD11b-positive leukocytes in the IR myocardium and peripheral blood after intravenous treatment. Intravenous treatment with PLGA nanoparticle containing pitavastatin (Pitavastatin-NP, 1 mg/kg) at reperfusion reduced MI size after 24 hours and ameliorated left ventricular dysfunction 4-week after reperfusion; by contrast, pitavastatin alone (as high as 10 mg/kg) showed no therapeutic effects. The therapeutic effects of Pitavastatin-NP were blunted by a PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, but not by a mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor cyclosporine A. Pitavastatin-NP induced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β, and inhibited inflammation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the IR myocardium.Nanoparticle-mediated targeting of pitavastatin induced cardioprotection from IR injury by activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibition of inflammation and cardiomyocyte death in this model. This strategy can be developed as an innovative cardioprotective modality that may advance currently unsatisfactory reperfusion therapy for AMI