MOESM2 of Engineering TATA-binding protein Spt15 to improve ethanol tolerance and production in Kluyveromyces marxianus

Additional file 2. Logistic fitting results

MOESM1 of Engineering TATA-binding protein Spt15 to improve ethanol tolerance and production in Kluyveromyces marxianus

Additional file 1. Additional methods and results

MOESM3 of Engineering TATA-binding protein Spt15 to improve ethanol tolerance and production in Kluyveromyces marxianus

Additional file 3. RPKM values and fold changes of genes in the central carbon metabolic network

MOESM5 of Engineering TATA-binding protein Spt15 to improve ethanol tolerance and production in Kluyveromyces marxianus

Additional file 5. GO enrichment of differentially expressed genes for M2 vs SPT15

MOESM6 of Engineering TATA-binding protein Spt15 to improve ethanol tolerance and production in Kluyveromyces marxianus

Additional file 6. KEGG enrichment of differentially expressed genes for M2 vs SPT15

MOESM4 of Engineering TATA-binding protein Spt15 to improve ethanol tolerance and production in Kluyveromyces marxianus

Additional file 4. Differentially expressed genes for M2 vs SPT15

Gene Ontology (GO) categories and terms for significantly induced endogenous genes of genetically engineered industrial yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> NRRL Y-50463 on xylose-containing medium at 24h during oxygen-limited fermentation conditions.

<p>Gene Ontology (GO) categories and terms for significantly induced endogenous genes of genetically engineered industrial yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> NRRL Y-50463 on xylose-containing medium at 24h during oxygen-limited fermentation conditions.</p

Relative gene expression changes in ratio for <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> NRRL Y-50463 in comparison to its parental strain Y-12632 on a medium containing glucose and xylose under aerobic growth conditions.

<p>Relative gene expression changes in ratio for <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> NRRL Y-50463 in comparison to its parental strain Y-12632 on a medium containing glucose and xylose under aerobic growth conditions.</p

Relative gene expression changes in ratio for <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> NRRL Y-50463 in comparison to its parental strain Y-12632 on a medium containing glucose and xylose under oxygen-limited fermentation conditions.

<p>Relative gene expression changes in ratio for <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> NRRL Y-50463 in comparison to its parental strain Y-12632 on a medium containing glucose and xylose under oxygen-limited fermentation conditions.</p

Signature pathway expression of xylose utilization in the genetically engineered industrial yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>

<div><p>Haploid laboratory strains of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> are commonly used for genetic engineering to enable their xylose utilization but little is known about the industrial yeast which is often recognized as diploid and as well as haploid and tetraploid. Here we report three unique signature pathway expression patterns and gene interactions in the centre metabolic pathways that signify xylose utilization of genetically engineered industrial yeast <i>S</i>. <i>cerevisiae</i> NRRL Y-50463, a diploid yeast. Quantitative expression analysis revealed outstanding high levels of constitutive expression of <i>YXI</i>, a synthesized yeast codon-optimized xylose isomerase gene integrated into chromosome XV of strain Y-50463. Comparative expression analysis indicated that the <i>YXI</i> was necessary to initiate the xylose metabolic pathway along with a set of heterologous xylose transporter and utilization facilitating genes including <i>XUT4</i>, <i>XUT6</i>, <i>XKS1</i> and <i>XYL2</i>. The highly activated transketolase and transaldolase genes <i>TKL1</i>, <i>TKL2</i>, <i>TAL1</i> and <i>NQM1</i> as well as their complex interactions in the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway branch were critical for the serial of sugar transformation to drive the metabolic flow into glycolysis for increased ethanol production. The significantly increased expression of the entire <i>PRS</i> gene family facilitates functions of the life cycle and biosynthesis superpathway for the yeast. The outstanding higher levels of constitutive expression of <i>YXI</i> and the first insight into the signature pathway expression and the gene interactions in the closely related centre metabolic pathways from the industrial yeast aid continued efforts for development of the next-generation biocatalyst. Our results further suggest the industrial yeast is a desirable delivery vehicle for new strain development for efficient lignocellulose-to-advanced biofuels production.</p></div