CDK4 regulation by TNFR1 and JNK is required for NF-κB–mediated epidermal growth control

Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) mediates homeostatic growth inhibition in the epidermis, and a loss of NF-κB function promotes proliferation and oncogenesis. To identify mechanisms responsible for these effects, we impaired NF-κB action in the epidermis by three different genetic approaches, including conditional NF-κB blockade. In each case, epidermal hyperplasia was accompanied by an increase in both protein levels and tissue distribution of the G1 cell cycle kinase, CDK4. CDK4 up-regulation required intact TNFR1 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) function. Cdk4 gene deletion concomitant with conditional NF-κB blockade demonstrated that CDK4 is required for growth deregulation. Therefore, epidermal homeostasis depends on antagonist regulation of CDK4 expression by NF-κB and TNFR1/JNK

The Nature Diagnosability of Bubble-sort Star Graphs under the PMC Model and MM Model

Many multiprocessor systems have interconnection networks as underlying topologies and an interconnection network is usually represented by a graph where nodes represent processors and links represent communication links between processors. No fault set can contain all the neighbors of any fault-free vertex in the system, which is called the nature diagnosability of the system. Diagnosability of a multiprocessor system is one important study topic. As a famous topology structure of interconnection networks, the -dimensionalnbsp bubble-sort star graph nbsphas many good properties. In this paper, we prove that the nature diagnosability of nbspis nbspunder the PMC model for , the nature diagnosability of nbspis nbspunder the MM model for

First report of natural outcrossing in pigeonpea from China

Natural outcrossing in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is primarily responsible for the deterioration of purity of cultivars and genetic stocks. Several insects are responsible for transferring pollen from one plant to another within and across the fields. The major pollinating insects identified are Apis mellifera, A. dorsata, Megachile lanata, Ceratina binghami, and Xylocop spp. The populations of these pollinating insects and local environmental factors that assist in their movement determine the extent of natural outcrossing at a particular location. Natural outcrossing in pigeonpea has been reported from India, Kenya, Australia, Hawaii (USA), and Sri Lanka (Saxena et al. 1990, 1994)

Pigeonpea diseases in China

A brief description of 7 pigeon pea diseases prevalent in China is given. These were the fusarium wilt (caused by Fusarium udum), phytopthora blight (caused by Phytopthora drechsleri f.sp. cajani), powdery mildew (Oidiopsis taurica [Leveillula taurica]), sterility mosaic, cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora spp.), rust (caused by Uredo cajani) and phoma stem canker (caused by Phoma cajani). Suggested measures for controlling pigeon pea diseases in China are tabulated

ICRISAT Pigeonpea Jumps Over the Himalayas

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is an important legume component in the dryland agricultural production systems, mainly because of its ability to produce large biomass and protein-rich seeds. India is the largest producer of pigeonpea, accounting for over 80% of the world production. Other important pigeonpea growing countries are located in the South America as well as in southern and eastern Africa. In Asia besides India, Nepal and Myanmar grow considerable acreage of pigeonpea. The newly bred ICRISAT varieties have taken pigeonpea crop into new areas. The latest example is the success of our varieties across the Himalayan range in China

Pigeonpea germplasm in China

The current status of pigeon pea germplasm in China is briefly discussed. A summary of pigeon pea germplasm collections in China is presented, including the year, area and number of collections, and the important traits

The influences of sponge city on property values in Wuhan, China

Rapid urbanization in China and global climate change have increased urban flood exposure in Wuhan, and the increased flood risk has reduced property values in flood-prone areas. The central government of China is promoting the application of the sponge city concept to reduce urban flood risk and improve the environment in cities. Wuhan is one of the pilot cities of this initiative. A shortage of funds is one of the main obstacles to sponge city construction, as is the lack of a suitable business model. To test residents' willingness to pay for sponge city construction, this research analyzed the impact of sponge city construction on the housing values of areas covered by sponge city interventions. The authors conducted interviews and analyzed secondary data to gauge residents' awareness and perceptions of sponge city interventions. The results show that more than half of residents inWuhan are willing to pay for sponge city measures, but the amount they are willing to pay is limited. Residents are more willing to pay for improvements of their living environment than for flood reduction measures

Insect pest problems of pigeonpea in Guangxi and Hainan provinces

Crop monitoring was undertaken in October 2001 to evaluate the importance of insect pests in various counties in Guangxi and Hainan provinces. At Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences research station, plants at the vegetative stage, especially the determinate types, were severely attacked by Maruca vitrata (10-12 webs per plant). Podfly and aphids were also noticed in early-maturing types; however, the damage level was only secondary. At Tiandeng, pigeon pea cultivars ICP 7035 and ICPL 87091 at the peak reproductive phase, sown on hilly slopes (approximately 200 m above the village), were infested with M. vitrata (10 larvae per plant) and Helicoverpa armigera (3-4 larvae per plant). Other insects, such as Mylabris spp., Euproctis sp., and Lamprosema sp., were of minor importance. In Taipin, Wuming, damage caused by mealy bugs and podfly was not economically important (<5% damage). At Manjiang, the presence of insects such as Maruca, semilooper, Exelastis atomosa, Helicoverpa, and Clavigralla sp. on pigeon pea grown after maize was not economically important at the time of observation. Maruca and Helicoverpa spp. were starting to infest seed production plots at Pinguang, Fengcheng, during the observation period. At Fushan, Hainan, germplasm evaluation plots were severely infected with yellow mosaic and sterility mosaic viral diseases. Infestation by Oxya, Maruca, and Helicoverpa spp. was also observed. Maruca infestation, which was more serious in determinate types of pigeon pea, was also evident in neighbouring Psophocarpus tetragonolobus

Performance of ICRISAT pigeonpeas in China

Results of the experiments on pigeon pea biomass production conducted in Guangxi Province, and on soil conservation potential of pigeon pea conducted in Kunming, China, are presented and discussed. Tabulated data on the performance of short-duration determinate ICRISAT pigeon pea lines tested in Guangzhou, China, during 1998 is given

Pigeonpea: A potential fodder crop for Guangxi province of China

The progress of pigeon pea as a major fodder crop in Guangxi, China is reviewed. The potential of pigeon pea as a source of good quality fodder for the growing livestock industry in the province is discussed