Seasonal Variation of Trace Metals in Ancient Pond and Its Impact on Morphometry of Claris Batrachus: A Case Study of Varanasi City

Varanasi, often termed India's spiritual nucleus, boasts a rich tapestry of historical and ecological elements, most notably its ancient "kunds" or water tanks. These kunds, deeply intertwined with religious ceremonies and local legends, are ecological keystones supporting diverse aquatic life. This study concentrates on five significant kunds: Surya Kund, Ishwarangi Kund, Pishach Mochan Kund, Kurukshetra Kund, and Pushkar Kund. The objective was to assess the seasonal variations of trace metal concentrations in these water bodies and understand their impact on the morphometry of indigenous species, with a spotlight on Clarias batrachus. Preliminary findings indicate fluctuating metal levels, particularly during monsoon months, with corresponding morphological alterations in the observed fish species. Such results accentuate the importance of preserving these ecologically critical and culturally treasured sites against the challenges of urbanization and modern practices in Varanasi.&nbsp

Heavy Metal Pollution in the Aquatic System and Their Toxicological Effects on Clarias Batrachus

Heavy metal pollution has emerged as a prominent environmental concern, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. This study delves deep into the impact of such pollutants on Clarias batrachus, a species intrinsic to the health and balance of freshwater habitats. By assessing variations in behaviour, physiology, and survival rates, the research underscores the peril these pollutants pose to C. batrachus. Furthermore, the study elucidates various mitigation strategies, emphasizing their significance in not just salvaging the populations of this species but also in reinstating the holistic well-being of our aquatic ecosystems. The findings underscore the urgent need for interdisciplinary interventions to combat the looming threat of heavy metal pollution