Correlation between actual anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements and deep learning predicted ACD values in algorithm validation.

Correlation between actual anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements and deep learning predicted ACD values in algorithm validation.</p

Distribution of anterior chamber depth in the training dataset.

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Saliency maps of predicted ACD values that were outside of the limit-of-agreement in Bland-Altman plot in algorithm validation.

Footnote: Saliency maps presented above were generated by averaging all saliency maps of 23 observations that were outside the Limits-of-Agreement in Bland-Altman plot (test dataset). There were 4 observations with actual ACD measurements 3mm. (TIF)</p

Demographic and ocular characteristics of participants included in this study.

Demographic and ocular characteristics of participants included in this study.</p

Bland-Altman plot illustrating the agreement between actual and predicted anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements in algorithm validation.

Bland-Altman plot illustrating the agreement between actual and predicted anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements in algorithm validation.</p

Schematic diagram of neural network architecture.

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Saliency map illustrating the structural features used by the deep learning algorithm in algorithm validation to predict anterior chamber depth in eyes with different angle status.

Footnote: Saliency maps presented above were generated by averaging all saliency maps of eyes with open angles (A; n = 327) and angle closure (B; n = 135). (TIF)</p

Saliency map illustrating the structural features used by the deep learning algorithm to predict anterior chamber depth in algorithm validation.

Saliency map illustrating the structural features used by the deep learning algorithm to predict anterior chamber depth in algorithm validation.</p

Current literature on the performance of anterior chamber depth (ACD) in discriminating eyes with angle closure from open angles.

* ACD measurement includes central corneal thickness. † Narrow angle diagnosed in eyes with 1) 1 ‘closed’ quadrant (i.e., trabecular meshwork not observed even with indentation gonioscopy) and ≥1 ‘narrow’ quadrants (i.e., trabecular meshwork only observed with indentation gonioscopy) or 2) ≥2 ‘narrow’ quadrants. ‡ Angle closure diagnosed in eyes where the posterior trabecular meshwork (PTM) was not observed in ≥3 quadrants with gonioscopy. § Angle closure diagnosed in eyes where the posterior trabecular meshwork (PTM) was not observed in ≥2 quadrants with gonioscopy. Acronym: ACD, Anterior Chamber Depth; AUC, Area-under-the-curve; PPV, Positive Predictive Value; NPV, Negative Predictive Value; UBM, Ultrasound biomicroscopy (DOCX)</p

Bland-Altman plot illustrating the agreement between actual and predicted anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurements in algorithm testing.

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