Daycase urology at Ibadan, Nigeria: a ten year review

INTRODUCTION: The objective of the study was to report the extent of urological surgeries performed as day cases in a major tertiary hospital in Ibadan and document the outcome

Evaluation of heavy metals in three common Nigerian Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) paste end product (''Moinmoin'') using different packaging materials

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to evaluate the absorption and distribution of heavy metals in three common Nigerian Vigna unguiculata beans and their end product (''moinmoin''). Three varieties of beans samples were processed into ''moinmoin'' and analysed for their heavy metals content using different packaging materials. The three varieties included drum, oloyin, and white beans popularly eaten in Yoruba land in Nigeria. Levels of iron, zinc, copper and chromium were determined in these samples using atomic absorption spectrophotometer of model 210 VGP. The packaging materials used were leaves, nylon, plastic and milk tin. The highest content of iron in ''moinmoin'' sample was obtained in ''moinmoin'' prepared from drum beans using nylon and plastic materials (16.8±1.09 mg/kg). The highest level of copper was obtained in ''moinmoin'' prepared from drum beans using milk tin (1.30±0.01 mg/kg). Concentration of zinc was found to be highest in ''moinmoin'' sample prepared from drum beans using plastic (24.3±0.05 mg/kg). No chromium was however detected in all the samples analysed for the research work including the leaves as a packaging material and the raw beans. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in metals in ''moinmoin'' using different packaging materials especially with copper and zinc at p< 0.05. A positive correlation was observed between iron and zinc at p< 0.01 (r =0.543) and between zinc and copper at p<0.05 (r=0.351). Inter-element association was high only for copper in nylon/zinc in plastic (r = 0.97) and iron in plastic/ zinc in plastic (0.97). Metal levels correlated positively between beans and packaging materials, with coefficients ranging between -0.50 for copper and 0.99 for iron

Erectile dysfunction among men attending surgical outpatients Department in a Tertiary Hospital in South-Western Nigeria

Background: Erectile dysfunction is becoming a public health issue with high incidences reported in community studies. Objective: To evaluate the characteristics and outcome of treatment in men with erectile dysfunction in a tertiary center in Ibadan southwestern Nigeria. Methods: Data of men with erectile dysfunction was retrieved between July 2004 and June 2014 and analyzed using SPSS version 16 statistical software. Results: Eighty-nine men with erectile dysfunction were managed which constituted 2% of all urological cases seen during the study period. Their median and mean ages were 39 years and 39.6 ± 1.2SD (range 19-76 years). The peak age incidence at 30-44 years was 41.6% and reduced with increasing age after 65 years to 4.5%. The etiologies were psychogenic in 55%, organic in 27%, idiopathic in 17% and 1% was familial. 67.5%, 31.5% and 3.4% were married, single and separated respectively. Seventy percent neither smoked cigarette nor drank alcohol, 21.3% drank alcohol and 9% took both alcohol and smoked cigarette. Seventy seven and half percent of men presented within 5 years of their symptom. The treatments offered were PDE type 5 inhibitors alone or in combination with psychotherapy or modification of medications. The outcome of these treatments ranged from 89% to 91% success rate. Conclusion: The number of men with erectile dysfunction managed in the tertiary hospital is very low though the outcome of treatment is within acceptable range. Increase public enlightenment may encourage increase hospital patronage and access to the available treatments for erectile dysfunction.Keywords: Erectile dysfunction, Ibadan, tertiary hospita

Correlations Between Seminal Plasma Hormones and Sperm Biophysical Parameters in Infertile Males in Ibadan

Context: There is a complex relationship between seminal plasma hormone levels and infertility in men. Previous studies had shown no specific pattern in the serum or seminal plasma hormone profiles of men with infertility and it is debatable whether there is a need to perform routine seminal hormone assays in the management of men with infertility. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine of there is a relationship between seminal plasma hormone levels and semen biophysical parameters in infertile males. Study Design, Setting and Subjects: Healthy male volunteers, comprising 20 normozoospermics, 20 oligozoospermics and 11 azoospermics were recruited from the Urology and Gynaecology Clinics at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Semen samples were analysed according to the WHO guidelines and seminal plasma prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH) and testosterone concentrations were estimated by enzyme immunometric method according to the WHO protocol. Main Outcome Measures: The correlation between semen biophysical parameters and seminal plasma hormone levels in infertile men. Results: A significant positive correlation was seen between seminal plasma FSH concentration and seminal plasma volume in all subjects. In normozoospermic men, significant correlation was found only between prolactin concentration and sperm viability and between LH concentration and sperm motility. However, in oligozoospermic males, prolactin concentration had significant positive correlation with sperm count and motility while LH concentration had significant positive correlation with sperm motility only. Conclusion:Seminal plasma hormone assays are of no value in assessing male infertility. Key Words: Semen, Seminal Plasma, Gonadotropins, Infertility. [Trop J Obstet Gynaecol, 2003, 20: 7-11

Ureteric Injuries Arising from Obstetric and Gynaecological Operations at the University College Hospital Ibadan: a 20-year Review

Context: Iatrogenic ureteric injuries occur as a result of inadvertent ligation, transection or crushing of the ureters. A clinical condition with potential significant morbidity and mortality such as this should be a subject of regular reviews. Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the aetiology, the types and the various mode of management of ureteric associated with obstetric and gynaecological surgeries within the study period. Methods: This is a descriptive study of 20 years duration from January 1981 to December 2000, carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan Nigeria. The clinical and operative records of all patients who had ureteric injuries during the period under review were retrospectively analysed. Results: The incidence of ureteric injuries during the period of review was 0.4%. The mean age of the patients was 39.4 years and the injury occurs mostly in grand-multiparous women. The commonest surgical procedure leading to ureteric injuries in this study was total abdominal hysterectomy, whereby ligation of the ureter was the commonest mode of injury. Conclusion: The incidence of ureteric injury during the study period is fewer than in that of previous review. This is probably so because less radical pelvic surgeries are performed now than during the period covered by the previous review which was about three decades ago. Also improved surgical skill among gynaecologists coupled with better obstetric care might have contributed to the fever number of ureters that were injured. Key Words: Ureter, Iatrogenic, Injury, Fistula, Urinary Bladder. [Trop J Obstet Gynaecol, 2003, 20: 32-36