К истории становления и развития медицинского обеспечения должностных лиц таможенных органов в XIX-XX веках

The article considers materials that allow evaluating the way of establishment of medical service for customs authorities during the XIX–XX centuries. Material and methods. The study was conducted in a combination of the main methodological principles – historicism, objectivity, and comprehensiveness of the research. Materials stored in the funds of the Central Museum of the Federal Customs Service, electronic resources allowing access to the Full Collection of laws of the Russian Federation were considered. Results and discussion. Before the beginning of the 19th century there was virtually no medical care for customs offi cials. The key role in the establishment of medical service provision was played by the «Charter of frontier and port quarantines», which determined the presence of doctors or staff-medics in the staff of Quarantine Offi ces, who were supposed to provide free of charge assistance to quarantined and quarantine survivors. Later, the emphasis in providing medical care for customs offi cials shifted to hospitals and military hospitals. Most likely, it was due to the huge length of the Russian Empire borders, along which the customs houses, customs outposts and posts were located. The changes in socio-political system in 1917 had their effect on the processes occurring with the provision of medical services in the country and in the customs offi ce. In the period after the Great Patriotic War, me dical services to employees of the department began to be provided in the outpatient clinic created under the USSR Ministry of Foreign Trade, and since 1957 – in the outpatient clinics of the USSR State Committee on Foreign Economic Relations, as well as in the inpatient clinics which were part of the structure of the USSR Ministry of Health. Conclusion. In the Russian Empire, customs houses, customs outposts and posts were located on the border, designed to solve a complex of problems in the border areas. The study of the historical experience of their medical service allows us to make more rational managerial decisions at the level of the Federal Customs Service in the future.. В статье рассматриваются материалы, позволяющие оценить путь становления организации медицинского обеспечения таможенных органов на протяжении XIX–XX вв. Материал и методы. Исследование проводилось в сочетании основных методологических принципов: историзма, объективности, всесторонности изучения. Были рассмотрены материалы, находящиеся на хранении в фондах Центрального музея Федеральной таможенной службы, электронные ресурсы, позволяющие осуществить доступ к Полному собранию законов Российской Федерации. Результаты и их обсуждение. До начала XIX в. медицинское обеспечение должностных лиц таможенных органов фактически отсутствовало. Ключевую роль в становлении медицинского обеспечения сыграл «Устав пограничных и портовых Карантинов», который определил наличие в штате Карантинных контор докторов или штаб-лекарей, которым предписывалось оказывать помощь безвозмездно лицам, находящимся на службе при карантинах, и лицам, выдерживающим карантинный срок. В дальнейшем акцент в оказании медицинской помощи для должностных лиц таможенного ведомства был смещен на больницы и военные госпитали. Скорее всего, это было связано с огромной протяженностью границ Российской империи, вдоль которых располагались таможни, таможенные заставы и посты. Изменение общественно-политического строя в 1917 г. оказало свое влияние на процессы, происходящие с оказанием медицинской помощи в стране и в таможенном ведомстве. В период после Великой Отечественной войны медицинская помощь сотрудникам ведомства стала оказываться в поликлинике, созданной при Министерстве внешней торговли СССР, а с 1957 г. – в поликлиниках Государственного комитета СССР по внешним экономическим связям, а также в стационарах, состоящих в структуре Министерства здравоохранения СССР. Выводы. В Российской империи на границе размещались таможни, таможенные заставы и посты, призванные решать комплекс проблем на приграничных территориях. Изучение исторического опыта их медицинского обеспечения позволяет в дальнейшем более рационально принимать управленческие решения на уровне Федеральной таможенной службы

The history of establishment and development of medical care for customs officials in the XIX–XX centuries

Aim. The article considers materials that allow evaluating the way of establishment of medical service for customs authorities during the XIX–XX centuries. Material and methods. The study was conducted in a combination of the main methodological principles – historicism, objectivity, and comprehensiveness of the research. Materials stored in the funds of the Central Museum of the Federal Customs Service, electronic resources allowing access to the Full Collection of laws of the Russian Federation were considered. Results and discussion. Before the beginning of the 19th century there was virtually no medical care for customs officials. The key role in the establishment of medical service provision was played by the «Charter of frontier and port quarantines», which determined the presence of doctors or staff-medics in the staff of Quarantine Offices, who were supposed to provide free of charge assistance to quarantined and quarantine survivors. Later, the emphasis in providing medical care for customs officials shifted to hospitals and military hospitals. Most likely, it was due to the huge length of the Russian Empire borders, along which the customs houses, customs outposts and posts were located. The changes in socio-political system in 1917 had their effect on the processes occurring with the provision of medical services in the country and in the customs office. In the period after the Great Patriotic War, medical services to employees of the department began to be provided in the outpatient clinic created under the USSR Ministry of Foreign Trade, and since 1957 – in the outpatient clinics of the USSR State Committee on Foreign Economic Relations, as well as in the inpatient clinics which were part of the structure of the USSR Ministry of Health. Conclusion. In the Russian Empire, customs houses, customs outposts and posts were located on the border, designed to solve a complex of problems in the border areas. The study of the historical experience of their medical service allows us to make more rational managerial decisions at the level of the Federal Customs Service in the future. © 2021, LLC "IMC" Modern Clinical Medicine. All rights reserved

The problem of artistic image creating in the process of a teacher artist training

The article deals with the problem of artistic image creating in the students’ creative works as a productive source of an artistic-pedagogical development of the future teacher artist. An artistic image is the basis of any art form and occupies the leading part in the artwork as it has a vast and significant esthetic value, demonstrating the result of an artist life experience display. The analysis of the theoretical sources, university training internship and the process of creative works fulfillment in different art forms brought to light the undervaluation of the necessity of scientifically grounded pedagogical grounds creation which will allow to the utmost prepare the students to the artistic image creating. This determines the relevance of the ways developing of students’ readiness to create an artistic image and its implementation in creative activities

GILBERT’S SYNDROME IN CHILDREN: CONTEMPORARY DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIALITIES

Gilbert’s syndrome is a benign indirect hyperbilirubinemia of the hereditary nature, caused by deficiency of the enzyme uridindiphosphatglucuronitransferase. UGT1A1 gene is localized on chromosome 2q37. The most common is a defect in the promoter region of the gene pairs in the thymine-adenin. 200 children aged 8 to 16 years with clinical and laboratory manifestations of Gilbert syndrome have been examined. All children undergone to a genetic study. It was calculated that the external signs, the shown complaints and laboratory manifestations are not enough sensitive and specific. This suggests that these symptoms can not be used as criteria for diagnosis of the Gilbert syndrome. The obtained results allow to recommend that all children with hyperbilirubinemia and Gilbert’s syndrome suspected should undergo to a genetic research as a priority.Key words: liver, hyperbilirubinemia, Gilbert syndrome, gene UGT1A1, diagnosis, children

GILBERT’S SYNDROME IN CHILDREN: CONTEMPORARY DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIALITIES

Gilbert’s syndrome is a benign indirect hyperbilirubinemia of the hereditary nature, caused by deficiency of the enzyme uridindiphosphatglucuronitransferase. UGT1A1 gene is localized on chromosome 2q37. The most common is a defect in the promoter region of the gene pairs in the thymine-adenin. 200 children aged 8 to 16 years with clinical and laboratory manifestations of Gilbert syndrome have been examined. All children undergone to a genetic study. It was calculated that the external signs, the shown complaints and laboratory manifestations are not enough sensitive and specific. This suggests that these symptoms can not be used as criteria for diagnosis of the Gilbert syndrome. The obtained results allow to recommend that all children with hyperbilirubinemia and Gilbert’s syndrome suspected should undergo to a genetic research as a priority.Key words: liver, hyperbilirubinemia, Gilbert syndrome, gene UGT1A1, diagnosis, children

АПОСТЕРИОРНАЯ ЦЕННОСТЬ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ И ЛАБОРАТОРНЫХ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ СИНДРОМА ЖИЛЬБЕРА У ДЕТЕЙ

Gilbert’s syndrome is a benign indirect hyperbilirubinemia of the hereditary nature, caused by deficiency of the enzyme uridindiphosphatglucuronitransferase. UGT1A1 gene is localized on chromosome 2q37. The most common is a defect in the promoter region of the gene pairs in the thymine-adenin. 200 children aged 8 to 16 years with clinical and laboratory manifestations of Gilbert syndrome have been examined. All children undergone to a genetic study. It was calculated that the external signs, the shown complaints and laboratory manifestations are not enough sensitive and specific. This suggests that these symptoms can not be used as criteria for diagnosis of the Gilbert syndrome. The obtained results allow to recommend that all children with hyperbilirubinemia and Gilbert’s syndrome suspected should undergo to a genetic research as a priority.Key words: liver, hyperbilirubinemia, Gilbert syndrome, gene UGT1A1, diagnosis, children.Синдром Жильбера — доброкачественная непрямая гипербилирубинемия наследственного характера, обусловленная недостаточностью фермента уридиндифосфатглюкуронилтрансферазы. Ген UGT1A1 локализован на 2q37 хромосоме. Наиболее распространенным является дефект на промоторном участке гена в области пары тимин-аденин. Обследовано 200 детей в возрасте от 8 до 16 лет, имеющих клинико-лабораторные проявления синдрома Жильбера. Всем детям проведено генетическое исследование. Высчитано, что внешние признаки, предъявляемые жалобы и лабораторные проявления имеют недостаточную чувствительность и специфичность. Это говорит о том, что данные признаки не могут быть использованы как критерии диагностики синдрома Жильбера. Полученные результаты позволяют рекомендовать всем детям с гипербилирубинемией и подозрением на синдром Жильбера проводить генетическое исследование как приоритетное.Ключевые слова: печень, гипербилирубинемия, синдром Жильбера, ген UGT1A1, диагностика, дети. (Педиатрическая фармакология. — 2011; 8 (4): 101–104