59 research outputs found
慣性核融合および高エネルギー密度プラズマにおける計算物理の研究
要約のみTohoku University大西直文課
A mass-energy-conserving discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the isotropic multispecies Rosenbluth--Fokker--Planck equation
Structure-preserving discretization of the Rosenbluth-Fokker-Planck equation
is still an open question especially for unlike-particle collision. In this
paper, a mass-energy-conserving isotropic Rosenbluth-Fokker-Planck scheme is
introduced. The structure related to the energy conservation is skew-symmetry
in mathematical sense, and the action-reaction law in physical sense. A thermal
relaxation term is obtained by using integration-by-parts on a volume integral
of the energy moment equation, so the discontinuous Galerkin method is selected
to preserve the skew-symmetry. The discontinuous Galerkin method enables ones
to introduce the nonlinear upwind flux without violating the conservation laws.
Some experiments show that the conservative scheme maintains the
mass-energy-conservation only with round-off errors, and analytic equilibria
are reproduced only with truncation errors of its formal accuracy
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Caveolin-1 Is a Critical Determinant of Autophagy, Metabolic Switching, and Oxidative Stress in Vascular Endothelium
Caveolin-1 is a scaffolding/regulatory protein that interacts with diverse signaling molecules. Caveolin-1null mice have marked metabolic abnormalities, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. We found the redox stress plasma biomarker plasma 8-isoprostane was elevated in caveolin-1null mice, and discovered that siRNA-mediated caveolin-1 knockdown in endothelial cells promoted significant increases in intracellular H2O2. Mitochondrial ROS production was increased in endothelial cells after caveolin-1 knockdown; 2-deoxy-D-glucose attenuated this increase, implicating caveolin-1 in control of glycolytic pathways. We performed unbiased metabolomic characterizations of endothelial cell lysates following caveolin-1 knockdown, and discovered strikingly increased levels (up to 30-fold) of cellular dipeptides, consistent with autophagy activation. Metabolomic analyses revealed that caveolin-1 knockdown led to a decrease in glycolytic intermediates, accompanied by an increase in fatty acids, suggesting a metabolic switch. Taken together, these results establish that caveolin-1 plays a central role in regulation of oxidative stress, metabolic switching, and autophagy in the endothelium, and may represent a critical target in cardiovascular diseases
形成的評価による授業研究をつくる
子どもからみた形成的授業評価の歴史的変遷 : 現在の体育教育界において, 形成的授業評価が授業の改善に役立つているのは周知の事実である。では形成的授業評価とは, どのような経過により研究・考察が重ねられてきたのかを紹介する。形成的授業評価の先駆者としてあげられるのは, 高田典衛である。1972年, 高田は「よい体育授業の条件」は4つあると主張した。1981年に中村敏雄が「高田4原則」と命名し, 今なお多くの教師に支持されている。その後, 高橋健夫・林恒明・藤井喜一・大貫耕一ら, 体育の授業改善に意欲をもっ体育実践者と大学で体育科教育学を学ぶ者が集まり共同して授業研究を始めるようになった。はじめは, 名もない会合であったが, 1989年4月より雑誌「体育科教育」に連載を始めることになったのを契機に, この集まりを「体育の授業を創る会」と呼ぶようになった。「体育科教育」への連載は, 2年半の長きにわたっている。さらに高橋らは「よい体育授業」の姿をめぐって様々な授業の観察分析をし, 1996年に「体育授業研究会」を設立し, 活動を続けている。形成的授業評価について, 高橋らは「高田4原則」を受け入れつつも, その方法が教師の経験的な考えに基づくものであり客観性の乏しさを指摘した。1994年, 高橋らは統計的手法によって開発した4次元・9項目からなる簡便で実用的な形成的授業評価法を作成した。単行本体育の授業を創るの中で, 巻末に形成的評価票・形成的評価基準・形成的評価得点表等を掲載し, その方法が具体的にイメージできるように, 実際の授業分析例を示した。さらに2003年発行の「体育授業を観察評価する」(明和出版)の中では, 1993年の指導要録の改定に伴い, 自学能力を育成するねらいから自己評価や形成的評価を促進させるための資料を数多く提供している。その後も高橋の教え子たちだけにとどまらず, 研究・考察活動が現在も広まっている。このようにして, 子どもからみた授業評価を通して授業を振り返る方法である形成的授業評価法が確立された。教員間での研修の際にも科学的データに基づく具体的な資料として使われ, 授業改善に果たした功績は大きい。Historical Transition of the Formative Education Evaluated by Students : Today it is widely known that the formative education evaluation contributes to the improvement of class lessons. We introduce the process of the study and consideration of the evaluation went through in the past. One of the pioneers on formative education evaluation is Norie Takada. He formulated the 4 principles that create "good physical education teaching". Toshio Nakamura named the principles "4 principles by Takada" in 1981 and then the principles have had a broad base of support of teachers. Afterwards practitioners such as Takeo Takahashi, Tsuneaki Hayashi, Kiichi Hayashi and Koichi Ohnuki who have strong desire to improve physical education and others who study the pedagogy of physical education at university gathered together and started class lesson research. Their group "ion" was unknown for the beginning. Takahashi et al. have investigated and analyzed various class lessons. And they established TAIIKU JYUGYO KENKYUKAI (The Institute of Physical Education) in 1996 and continue their activities. They adopted "4 principles by Takada", but at the same time they pointed out the lack of objectivity. The principles were based on the experience of physical education teaching. They created simple and practical formative education evaluation method with 4 dimensions and 9 items which was developed on statistical technique in 1994. They showed sample analyze of actual class to understand the actual image of the method by inserting formative evaluation sheet, measurement, score card and others at the end of a book ''TAIIKU NO JYUGYO WO TSUKURU (Create physical education class)". Furthermore they provide a lot of materials to promote self-evaluation and formative evaluation to nurture self-study capability in the book ''TAIIKU JYUGYO WO KANSATSU HYOKA SURU (observe and evaluate physical education class)" (Meiwa Publishing 2003) according to the revision of the Japanese government guideline of education in 1993. Afterwards the study and investigation activities on formative education evaluation are still expandingnow among not only by the students of Takahashi but by a lot of people. In this way, formativeeducation evaluation reflected on the class by students' evaluation was established. It is used as concretematerials based on scientific data at teachers' training and make a large contribution to improvephysical education class
Magnetized Fast Isochoric Laser Heating for Efficient Creation of Ultra-High-Energy-Density States
The quest for the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) ignition is a grand
challenge, as exemplified by extraordinary large laser facilities. Fast
isochoric heating of a pre-compressed plasma core with a high-intensity
short-pulse laser is an attractive and alternative approach to create
ultra-high-energy-density states like those found in ICF ignition sparks. This
avoids the ignition quench caused by the hot spark mixing with the surrounding
cold fuel, which is the crucial problem of the currently pursued ignition
scheme. High-intensity lasers efficiently produce relativistic electron beams
(REB). A part of the REB kinetic energy is deposited in the core, and then the
heated region becomes the hot spark to trigger the ignition. However, only a
small portion of the REB collides with the core because of its large
divergence. Here we have demonstrated enhanced laser-to-core energy coupling
with the magnetized fast isochoric heating. The method employs a
kilo-tesla-level magnetic field that is applied to the transport region from
the REB generation point to the core which results in guiding the REB along the
magnetic field lines to the core. 7.7 1.3 % of the maximum coupling was
achieved even with a relatively small radial area density core (
0.1 g/cm). The guided REB transport was clearly visualized in a
pre-compressed core by using Cu- imaging technique. A simplified
model coupled with the comprehensive diagnostics yields 6.2\% of the coupling
that agrees fairly with the measured coupling. This model also reveals that an
ignition-scale areal density core ( 0.4 g/cm) leads to much
higher laser-to-core coupling ( 15%), this is much higher than that achieved
by the current scheme
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