Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor with impacted mandibular canine: a case report

The Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT) is a rare, slow growing, benign, odontogenic epithelial tumor with characteristic clinical and histological features; which usually arise in the second or third decade. It is a tumor composed of odontogenic epithelium in a variety of histoarchitectural patterns which are embedded in a mature connective tissue stroma. It is mostly encountered in young patients with a greater predilection for females. Maxilla is the predilection site of occurrence, most commonly associated with an unerupted maxillary canine. It presents as a symptom-free lesion and is frequently discovered during routine radiographic examination. This case report describes an unusual case of 20 year old male with only a one month history of tumor in the anterior mandible. The tumor was a well circumscribed intraosseous lesion with an embedded tooth. Histological evidence of calcification was present. The present case lends support to the categorization of AOT as a mixed odontogenic tumo

Evaluation of chemiluminescence, toluidine blue and histopathology for detection of high risk oral precancerous lesions: A cross-sectional study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Early detection holds the key to an effective control of cancers in general and of oral cancers in particular. However, screening procedures for oral cancer are not straightforward due to procedural requirements as well as feasibility issues, especially in resource-limited countries.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a cross-sectional study to compare the performance of chemiluminescence, toluidine blue and histopathology for detection of high-risk precancerous oral lesions. We evaluated 99 lesions from 55 patients who underwent chemiluminescence and toluidine blue tests along with biopsy and histopathological examination. We studied inter-as well as intra-rater agreement in the histopathological evaluation and then using latent class modeling, we estimated the operating characteristics of these tests in the absence of a reference standard test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There was a weak inter-rater agreement (kappa < 0.15) as well as a weak intra-rater reproducibility (Pearson's r = 0.28, intra-class correlation rho = 0.03) in the histopathological evaluation of potentially high-risk precancerous lesions. When compared to histopathology, chemiluminescence and toluidine blue retention had a sensitivity of 1.00 and 0.59, respectively and a specificity of 0.01 and 0.79, respectively. However, latent class analysis indicated a low sensitivity (0.37) and high specificity (0.90) of histopathological evaluation. Toluidine blue had a near perfect high sensitivity and specificity for detection of high-risk lesions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In our study, there was variability in the histopathological evaluation of oral precancerous lesions. Our results indicate that toluidine blue retention test may be better suited than chemiluminescence to detect high-risk oral precancerous lesions in a high-prevalence and low-resource setting like India.</p

Clinical and CT Scan Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joints with Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Temporomandibular joint disorders refer to a complex and poorly understood set of conditions, manifested by pain in the area of jaw and associated muscles and limitations in the ability to make normal movements like mastication, speech and swallowing. Arthritis as it affects other joints also affects temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The present study was undertaken to study the clinical aspects of patents with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis of TMJ supplemented by CT scan of joints to study the radiological changes and to find out if there was any correlation between them

Prevalence of Candidal Carriage Rate in Denture Wearers and Evaluation of the effect of Whole Unstimulated Salivary Flow Rate and pH of Saliva on their Carriage Rates

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of Candida carriage rate in denture wearers and to evaluate the effects of local factors and habits of tobacco and betelnut on Candida carriage rate. Study design: 60 edentulous subjects and 60 dentulous subjects were evaluated. Standard methods for culture, salivary flow rates and pH determination were used. Statistically analysis was carried out using Students unpaired "t" test, ′Chi square test, z-test, ANOVA F-test and Tukey multiple comparison test. Results: Highest prevalence of Candida carriage rate was shown by group 1 (63.33%). The mean whole unstimulated salivary flow rate (p < 0-01) and pH (p < 0.05) were less in the subjects showing positive candida culture. Significant (p < 0.05) increase in prevalence of Candida carriage rate was found in subjects wearing prosthesis and having habits. Conclusion: The prevalence of Candidal carriage rate in healthy individuals increased in the presence of prosthesis and decreased salivary flow rate and pH

Facial hemihypertrophy and facial hemiatrophy: Report of 2 cases

Facial hemihypertrophy and facial hemiatrophy are rare developmental anomalies. These conditions are characterized by an asymmetric growth of one or more parts of the tissues on one side of the face. The facial asymmetry may be total or partial. The unilateral overgrowth of the mandible seen as the facial asymmetry occurs in case of the congenital mandibular hemihypertrophy, whereas, the facial or mandibular hemiatrophy results in the hallowing or depression on one side of face. The hormonal imbalance, chromosomal abnormalities, trauma, trophic malfunctions of cervical sympathetic nervous system are the factors which are considered to be attributed to the mandibular or facial asymmetry

Bilateral Dentigerous Cyst: An Unusual Case Report and Review of Literature

Dentigerous cysts are the most common developmental cysts of the jaws, most frequently associated with impacted mandibular third molar teeth. Bilateral dentigerous cysts are rare and occur typically in association with a developmental syndrome. The reported occurrence of bilateral dentigerous cysts in the absence of a syndrome is rare and, to date, only 17 cases have been described. The following is a report of a case of unusual bilateral nonsyndromic dentigerous cysts associated with developing mandibular second premolars and a review of literature

Scrofula : Tuberculous Cervical Lymphadenitis - A Case Report

Tuberculosis caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is disease that has increased in prevalence in recent years, largely caused by immunocompromised HIV population in developing country. It is a great risk to dental staff when patient has an active pulmonary type where the infection spread by inhalation of infected sputum. It is very important for a dental practitioner to know the oral manifestations of tuberculosis, so that cross infection in the dental clinic can be prevented. Tuberculosis of lymph nodes is known as scrofula. A case of scrofula is discussed in this article

Acute Submandibular Sialadenitis—A Case Report

Many conditions affect the salivary glands. Acute sialadenitis is infectious or inflammatory disorders of the salivary glands. The exact frequency of submandibular sialadenitis is unclear. The acute conditions more typically involve the parotid and submandibular glands. During an acute inflammatory process, there is swelling of the affected gland, overlying pain, gland tenderness, fever, and on occasion difficulty in opening the mouth. Initial treatment should include rehydration oral antistaphylococcal antibiotic should be started while awaiting culture results. Hygiene and repeated massaging of the gland when tenderness had subsided. The present report describes a case of acute submandibular sialadenitis in a 70-year-old female

Mixed tumor of the parotid gland involving the parapharyngeal space - A case report and review of the literature

Tumors originating in the parapharyngeal space are rare comprising fewer than 1 % of all head and neck neoplasms. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland neoplasm. Most cases of parotid derived pleomorphic adenoma originate in the superficial lobe. More rarely, the tumour occurs in the deep lobe of the parotid gland. Here, we present a case report of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland involving the parapharyngeal space

"Dentigerous Cyst - Report of two unusual cases"

The dentigerous cyst is the second most common type of odontogenic cyst. Dentigerous cyst originates after the crown of tooth has been completely fonned, by accumulation of fluid between reduced enamel epithelium and tooth 1 crown. The cyst is always associated initially with the crown of impacted, embedded or unerupted tooth. The most common sites are mandibular and maxillary third molars and maxillary canine." In this article two cases of dentigerous cysts involving maxilla with unusual presentations are discussed