Effect of Anionic Polymers on Drug Loading and Release from Clindamycin Phosphate Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Purpose: To develop and characterize solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) systems containing dextran sulfate or sodium alginate as anionic polymers for the delivery of clindamycin phosphate as a model hydrophilic cationic drug.Methods: A multi-level factorial design was used for the preparation and optimization of clindamycin SLNs. Polymers (dextran sulfate and sodium alginate), Tween 80, and Pluronic F68 were chosen as the independent variables. The SLNs were prepared using stearic acid as the lipid matrix by an emulsion congealing technique with cold homogenization. Particle size and drug loading were evaluated as the primary responses. The morphology and drug release rate of the selected formulations were also determined.Results: The results revealed that incorporation of anionic polymers increased drug loading of theSLNs. Dextran sulfate had a greater effect on drug loading, increasing it from 1.32 to 18.19 %, compared to the 6.73 % achieved using sodium alginate. Dextran sulfate also reduced drug release rate by half compared with sodium alginate, probably due to the higher charge density, lower molecular weight and lower branching density of the ionic polymer.Conclusion: Incorporation of anionic polymers can increase the loading of clindamycin phosphate into SLNs. Drug release from SLNs is also dependent on the polymer type.Keywords: Clindamycin, Solid lipid nanoparticles, Dextran sulfate, Sodium alginate, Anionic polymers, Drug release, Drug loadin

Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(Cbt) in Treating Patients with Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder(Ocd)

Introduction: This research aimed to use one of new research methods namely meta-analysis in order to evaluate the results of studies investigating the effectiveness of cognitive- behavioral therapy in treating patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder(OCD). These studies have been accomplished in Iran. Cognitive- behavioral therapy(CBT) is an empirically based treatment of established efficacy for the obsessive-compulsive disorder. Methods: In this study, 12 accomplished researches were gathered in regard to the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy in treating patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder(OCD) among which 10 studies were chosen for meta-analysis. Statistic analysis was done by comprehensive meta-analysis software. Results: The study results, using incorporation of effect size by Schmitt and Hunts method, showed that cognitive behavioral therapy can influence treating patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder. The mean of cognitive- behavioral effect size in treatment of obsessive- compulsive disorder in males and females was significant 1/63(p<01/01). Conclusion: The study findings have shown that cognitive behavioral therapy in treating patients with obsessive- compulsive disorder is effective. This information can be used in therapeutic schematization and clinical intervention