Research trend of epigenetics and depression: adolescents' research needs to strengthen

ObjectiveWith its high prevalence, depression's pathogenesis remains unclear. Recent attention has turned to the interplay between depression and epigenetic modifications. However, quantitative bibliometric analyses are lacking. This study aims to visually analyze depression epigenetics trends, utilizing bibliometric tools, while comprehensively reviewing its epigenetic mechanisms.MethodsUtilizing the Web of Science core dataset, we collected depression and epigenetics-related studies. Employing VOSViewer software, we visualized data on authors, countries, journals, and keywords. A ranking table highlighted field leaders.ResultsAnalysis encompassed 3,469 depression epigenetics studies published from January 2002 to June 2023. Key findings include: (1) Gradual publication growth, peaking in 2021; (2) The United States and its research institutions leading contributions; (3) Need for enhanced collaborations, spanning international and interdisciplinary efforts; (4) Keyword clustering revealed five main themes—early-life stress, microRNA, genetics, DNA methylation, and histone acetylation—highlighting research hotspots; (5) Limited focus on adolescent depression epigenetics, warranting increased attention.ConclusionTaken together, this study revealed trends and hotspots in depression epigenetics research, underscoring global collaboration, interdisciplinary fusion, and multi-omics data's importance. It discussed in detail the potential of epigenetic mechanisms in depression diagnosis and treatment, advocating increased focus on adolescent research in this field. Insights aid researchers in shaping their investigative paths toward understanding depression's epigenetic mechanisms and antidepressant interventions

Complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of Penicillium citrinum in dark tea

Penicillium citrinum is a common polluting microorganism in dark tea production. Our study was performed to report the complete mitochondrial genome of P. citrinum. The mitochondrial genome of P. citrinum was a circular DNA molecule of 27,537 bp in length, encoding 42 genes as follows: 15 PCGs, two rRNAs, 24 tRNAs, and an independent ORF. A (36.14%), T (37.06%), C (11.83%), and G (14.98%) was composed of genomic bases. In addition, phylogenetic analysis showed that Penicillium sp. exhibited a closest relationship with the taxonomic status of P. citrinum

Moebjergarctus clarionclippertonensis, a new abyssal tardigrade (Arthrotardigrada, Halechiniscidae, Euclavarctinae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, North-East Pacific

Bai, Lifen, Wang, Xiaogu, Zhou, Yadong, Lin, Shiquan, Meng, Fanxu, Fontoura, Paulo (2020): Moebjergarctus clarionclippertonensis, a new abyssal tardigrade (Arthrotardigrada, Halechiniscidae, Euclavarctinae) from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, North-East Pacific. Zootaxa 4755 (3): 561-575, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4755.3.

Protection Impacts of <i>Coix lachryma-jobi</i> L. Seed <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> Fermentation Broth on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Fibroblasts

This study researches the active ingredients in the fermented and aqueous extracts of three types of Coix seed. The results show that the active contents of total sugars, total phenols and total proteins of Coix seed fermented with Lactobacillus reuteri, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus bulgaricus are significantly higher compared to unfermented Coix seed aqueous extract (CW), and the free radical scavenging ability of Coix seed Lactobacillus reuteri fermented extract (CLRF) is significant. The protective effects of CLRF on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in human skin fibroblasts (HSF) are investigated. The results show that cell viability, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, collagen type I (COL-I) content and synthesis of hyaluronic acid (HA) significantly increased, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) content are decreased in CLRF-treated HSF compared to CW and damage model groups, providing effective protection to skin structure. The results show that CLRF can stimulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, inhibiting intracellular ROS levels, positively regulating COL-I genes and significantly reducing MMP-1 expression, with anti-oxidative damage effects. As such, this study provides a theoretical basis for applying CLRF as a novel anti-oxidative agent in the cosmetics industry

Puerarin Reduces Oxidative Damage and Photoaging Caused by UVA Radiation in Human Fibroblasts by Regulating Nrf2 and MAPK Signaling Pathways

Fibroblasts account for more than 95% of dermal cells maintaining dermal structure and function. However, UVA penetrates the dermis and causes oxidative stress that damages the dermis and accelerates skin aging. Puerarin, the main active ingredient of Puerariae lobata, has been demonstrated to withstand oxidative stress caused by a variety of factors. However, there are limited findings on whether puerarin protects fibroblasts from UVA-induced oxidative stress damage. The effects of puerarin on human skin fibroblasts (HSF) under UVA-induced oxidative stress were investigated in this study. It is found that puerarin upregulates antioxidant enzymes’ mRNA expression level and their content through modulating the KEAP1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, thus improving cell antioxidant capacity and successfully eliminating UVA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid oxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, puerarin blocks the overexpression of human extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), human c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), and P38, which downregulates matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) expression and increases type I collagen (COL-1) expression. Moreover, preliminary research on mouse skin suggests that puerarin can hydrate, moisturize, and increase the antioxidant capacity of skin tissue. These findings suggest that puerarin can protect the skin against photoaging

Purification and Identification of Antioxidant Peptides from Rice Fermentation of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> and Their Protective Effects on UVA−Induced Oxidative Stress in Skin

Oxidative stress is an important factor on both aging and disease. Among foods endowed with beneficial healthy properties, rice is a very useful material, not only because it has a good amino acid ratio and produces antioxidant peptides through microbial fermentation, but also for its inexpensive availability. In this study, rice was treated with Lactobacillus plantarum, and the resulting mixture of small peptides with less than 11 amino acids (RFP) was extracted and purified from the fermentation broth. Subsequently, the antioxidant activity of RFP was assessed using the chemical model, cell biology, and animal model methods. RFP enhanced the expression of the antioxidant enzyme genes downstream of the KEAP1−NRF2/ARE pathway by promoting nuclear factor−erythroid 2−related factor 2 (NRF2) nuclear translocation while simultaneously removing lipid oxidation products and excess free radicals. These results suggest that RFP is a potential substance for resisting aging and disease caused by oxidative stress

Protective effects of LPL-EPS-02 on human dermal fibroblasts damaged by UVA radiation

Long-term exposure of human skin to ultraviolet light can cause cell damage, and UVA mainly causes skin photoaging. The purpose of this study is to prove that the extracellular polysaccharide (LPL-EPS-02) isolated from a kind of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from kimchi can protect and repair human fibroblasts after UVA irradiation. In this experiment, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and ELISA methods were used to establish a UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblast (HDF) model to explore the damage caused by UVA and LPL-EPS-02 protection and repair of the HDF from the cellular and molecular levels. LPL-EPS-02 can alleviate the oxidative stress caused by UVA irradiation, promote the production of antioxidant enzymes, and remove excessive free radicals. In addition, LPL-EPS-02 can also slow down the degree of collagen cross-linking caused by UVA and improve skin photoaging caused by sunlight. LPL-EPS-02 can also effectively prevent and repair skin photoaging caused by ultraviolet radiation by affecting the expression levels of TGF-β related transcription factors in HDF

Enhancing Bioactive Components of Euryale ferox with Lactobacillus curvatus to Reduce H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Skin Fibroblasts

This study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus curvatus fermentation on the oxidative stress attenuating effects of Euryale ferox on H2O2-induced human skin fibroblasts (HSF). The results showed that Lactobacillus curvatus fermentation (i) increases the content of the various bioactive components of Euryale ferox and is found to have smaller molecular weights of polysaccharides and polypeptides; (ii) increases the overall intracellular and extracellular antioxidant capacity of H2O2-induced HSF while reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) all showed simultaneous increases in activity. Aside from that, the Nrf2 and MAPK signaling pathways are activated to regulate downstream-associated proteins such as the Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) activity, and human type I collagen (COL-1). These results suggested that the fermentation of Euryale ferox with Lactobacillus curvatus enhances its antioxidant capacity and attenuates apoptosis and senescence caused by oxidative stress

Anti-Photoaging Effect of Rhodiola rosea Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum on UVA-Damaged Fibroblasts

UVA can cause oxidative stress and photoaging of cells. We established a UVA-induced oxidative stress model of human fibroblasts and focused on the antioxidant and anti-photoaging ability of Lactobacillus plantarum fermented Rhodiola rosea. Compared with the unfermented Rhodiola rosea, Lactobacillus plantarum fermented Rhodiola rosea has better DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability, significantly reduces the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and improves the antioxidant level. Further studies have shown that the Lactobacillus plantarum fermented Rhodiola rosea can activate the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and up-regulate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), catalase (CAT) and glutathione Peptide peroxidase (GSH-Px), and protect fibroblasts from oxidative stress caused by UVA. On the other hand, Lactobacillus plantarum fermented Rhodiola rosea significantly reduces the activity of metalloproteinases in the cell, thereby increasing the collagen and elastin in the cell, alleviating the photoaging caused by UVA. Finally, we concluded that the antioxidant capacity and anti-photoaging ability of Lactobacillus plantarum fermented Rhodiola rosea are better than that of unfermented Rhodiola rosea