19 research outputs found
Pt/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Core/Shell Triangular Nanoprisms by Heteroepitaxy: Facet Selectivity at the PtâFe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Interface and the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Outer Surface
Pt/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> core/shell triangular nanoprisms were synthesized using seed-mediated heteroepitaxy. Their well-defined shape, facets, and ordered-assembly allowed detailed analysis of mechanism of the heteroepitaxy. At the PtâFe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> interface, existence of both lattice and chemical mismatch resulted in facet-selective epitaxy along âš111â© directions of two lattices. X-ray absorption fine structure measurements demonstrated that the Pt seed nanocrystals were composed of an iron-rich PtâFe metallic thin layer sandwiched between the Pt core and a FeâO outer-surface. The FeâO outer-surface of the seed nanocrystals presumably offered epitaxial sites for the following deposition of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> shell. Each tip and side of a triangular nanoprism respectively possessed a groove and a ridge, and a (111) plane parallel to the basal planes linked all grooves and ridges. This interesting (111) plane approximately bisected the triangle nanoprisms and located near the Pt-seed. The outer surface of the hybrid nanocrystals was also found to be facet-selective, that is, solely {111} facets of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> lattice. These polar {111} facets allowed the surface to be only occupied with high-density iron ions, and thus offered best surface coordination for the electron donating ligands in the solution
Asymmetric Construction of a Multi-Pharmacophore-Containing Dispirotriheterocyclic Scaffold and Identification of a Human Carboxylesterase 1 Inhibitor
A catalytic asymmetric [3 + 2] cyclization
of novel 4-isothiocyanato
pyrazolones and isatin-derived ketimines was developed, delivering
a wide range of intriguing dispirotriheterocyclic products in high
yield with excellent diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity.
A chiral sulfoxide derivative of this dispirocyclic product was identified
to be a promising hit of the human carboxylesterase 1 inhibitor, and
the significant difference of the activity between two enantiomers
emphasized the importance of this asymmetric process
Ammonia-Induced Size Convergence of Atomically Monodisperse Au<sub>6</sub> Nanoclusters
Developing effective
synthetic protocols for atomically monodisperse
Au nanoclusters is pivotal to their fundamental science and applications.
Here, we present a novel synthetic protocol toward atomically monodisperse
[Au<sub>6</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> nanoclusters
(abbreviated as Au<sub>6</sub>) via ammonia-induced size convergence
from polydisperse Au<sub><i>x</i></sub> (<i>x</i> = 6â11) nanocluster mixture. The analogous ammonia-induced
size conversion reactions starting from individually prepared Au<sub>7</sub> and Au<sub>9</sub> nanoclusters to Au<sub>6</sub> were traced
by time-dependent ultravioletâvisible absorption and electrospray
ionization mass spectra. It is observed that in both cases the size
conversion is achieved through gradual release of the ionâmolecule
complex [NH<sub>4</sub>AuPPh<sub>3</sub>Cl]<sup>+</sup> from the larger
Au nanoclusters until the formation of thermodynamically stable Au<sub>6</sub> nanoclusters with the stability against the etching reaction.
The role of ammonia ions in this size convergence synthesis is to
accelerate the depletion of [AuÂ(PPh<sub>3</sub>)]<sup>+</sup> fragments
from the PPh<sub>3</sub>-protected Au nanoclusters, by the formation
of the stable complex [NH<sub>4</sub>AuPPh<sub>3</sub>Cl]<sup>+</sup>
In-Plane Coassembly Route to Atomically Thick InorganicâOrganic Hybrid Nanosheets
Control over the anisotropic assembly of small building blocks into organized structures is considered an effective way to design organic nanosheets and atomically thick inorganic nanosheets with nonlayered structure. However, there is still no available route so far to control the assembly of inorganic and organic building blocks into a flattened hybrid nanosheet with atomic thickness. Herein, we highlight for the first time a universal in-plane coassembly process for the design and synthesis of transition-metal chalcogenideâalkylamine inorganicâorganic hybrid nanosheets with atomic thickness. The structure, formation mechanism, and stability of the hybrid nanosheets were investigated in detail by taking the Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub>âoleylamine (Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub>âOA) hybrid nanosheets as an example. Both experimental data and theoretical simulations demonstrate that the hybrid nanosheets were formed by in-plane connection of small two-dimensional (2D) Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub> nanoplates <i>via</i> oleylamine molecules adsorbed at the side surface and corner sites of the nanoplates. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy study reveals the structure distortion of the small 2D Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub> nanoplates that endows structural stability of the atomically thick Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub>âOA hybrid nanosheets. The brand new atomically thick nanosheets with inorganicâorganic hybrid network nanostructure will not only enrich the family of atomically thick 2D nanosheets but also inspire more interest in their potential applications
Atomically Thick Bismuth Selenide Freestanding Single Layers Achieving Enhanced Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting
Thermoelectric materials can realize significant energy
savings
by generating electricity from untapped waste heat. However, the coupling
of the thermoelectric parameters unfortunately limits their efficiency
and practical applications. Here, a single-layer-based (SLB) composite
fabricated from atomically thick single layers was proposed to optimize
the thermoelectric parameters fully. Freestanding five-atom-thick
Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> single layers were first synthesized
via a scalable interaction/exfoliation strategy. As revealed by X-ray
absorption fine structure spectroscopy and first-principles calculations,
surface distortion gives them excellent structural stability and a
much increased density of states, resulting in a 2-fold higher electrical
conductivity relative to the bulk material. Also, the surface disorder
and numerous interfaces in the Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> SLB composite
allow for effective phonon scattering and decreased thermal conductivity,
while the 2D electron gas and energy filtering effect increase the
Seebeck coefficient, resulting in an 8-fold higher figure of merit
(<i><i>ZT</i></i>) relative to the bulk material.
This work develops a facile strategy for synthesizing atomically thick
single layers and demonstrates their superior ability to optimize
the thermoelectric energy harvesting
Fast Photoelectron Transfer in (C<sub>ring</sub>)âC<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Plane Heterostructural Nanosheets for Overall Water Splitting
Direct
and efficient photocatalytic water splitting is critical
for sustainable conversion and storage of renewable solar energy.
Here, we propose a conceptual design of two-dimensional C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-based in-plane heterostructure to achieve fast spatial
transfer of photoexcited electrons for realizing highly efficient
and spontaneous overall water splitting. This unique plane heterostructural
carbon ring (C<sub>ring</sub>)âC<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanosheet
can synchronously expedite electronâhole pair separation and
promote photoelectron transport through the local in-plane Ï-conjugated
electric field, synergistically elongating the photocarrier diffusion
length and lifetime by 10 times relative to those achieved with pristine
g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>. As a result, the in-plane (C<sub>ring</sub>)âC<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> heterostructure could efficiently
split pure water under light irradiation with prominent H<sub>2</sub> production rate up to 371 ÎŒmol g<sup>â1</sup> h<sup>â1</sup> and a notable quantum yield of 5% at 420 nm
Ionic Exchange of MetalâOrganic Frameworks to Access Single Nickel Sites for Efficient Electroreduction of CO<sub>2</sub>
Single-atom catalysts often exhibit
unexpected catalytic activity
for many important chemical reactions because of their unique electronic
and geometric structures with respect to their bulk counterparts.
Herein we adopt metalâorganic frameworks (MOFs) to assist the
preparation of a catalyst containing single Ni sites for efficient
electroreduction of CO<sub>2</sub>. The synthesis is based on ionic
exchange between Zn nodes and adsorbed Ni ions within the cavities
of the MOF. This single-atom catalyst exhibited an excellent turnover
frequency for electroreduction of CO<sub>2</sub> (5273 h<sup>â1</sup>), with a Faradaic efficiency for CO production of over 71.9% and
a current density of 10.48 mA cm<sup>â2</sup> at an overpotential
of 0.89 V. Our findings present some guidelines for the rational design
and accurate modulation of nanostructured catalysts at the atomic
scale
A Robust and Efficient Pd<sub>3</sub> Cluster Catalyst for the Suzuki Reaction and Its Odd Mechanism
The
palladium-catalyzed SuzukiâMiyaura coupling reaction
is one of the most versatile and powerful tools for constructing synthetically
useful unsymmetrical arylâaryl bonds. In designing a Pd cluster
as a candidate for efficient catalysis and mechanistic investigations,
it was envisaged to study a case intermediate between, although very
different from, the âclassicâ Pd(0)ÂL<i><sub>n</sub></i> and Pd nanoparticle families of catalysts. In this work,
the cluster [Pd<sub>3</sub>ClÂ(PPh<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>+</sup>[SbF<sub>6</sub>]<sup>â</sup> (abbreviated <b>Pd</b><sub><b>3</b></sub><b>Cl</b>) was synthesized and fully characterized as a remarkably robust
framework that is stable up to 170 °C and fully air-stable. <b>Pd</b><sub><b>3</b></sub><b>Cl</b> was found to catalyze
the SuzukiâMiyaura CâC cross-coupling of a variety of
aryl bromides and arylboronic acids under ambient aerobic conditions.
The reaction proceeds while keeping the integrity of the cluster framework
all along the catalytic cycle via the intermediate <b>Pd</b><sub><b>3</b></sub><b>Ar</b>, as evidenced by mass spectrometry
and quick X-ray absorption fine structure. In the absence of the substrate
under the reaction conditions, the <b>Pd</b><sub><b>3</b></sub><b>OH</b> species was detected by mass spectrometry,
which strongly favors the âoxo-Pdâ pathway for the transmetalation
step involving substitution of the Cl ligand by OH followed by binding
of the OH ligand with the arylboronic acid. The kinetics of the SuzukiâMiyaura
reaction shows a lack of an induction period, consistent with the
lack of cluster dissociation. This study may provide new perspectives
for the catalytic mechanisms of CâC cross-coupling reactions
catalyzed by metal clusters
Strong Surface Hydrophilicity in Co-Based Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation
Developing efficient
and durable oxygen evolution electrocatalyst is of paramount importance
for the large-scale supply of renewable energy sources. Herein, we
report the design of significant surface hydrophilicity based on cobalt
oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) nanosheets to greatly improve the surface hydroxyl
species adsorption and reaction kinetics at the Helmholtz double layer
for high-efficiency water oxidation activity. The as-designed CoOOH-graphene
nanosheets achieve a small surface water contact angle of âŒ23°
and a large double-layer capacitance (<i>C</i><sub>dl</sub>) of 8.44 mF/cm<sup>2</sup> and thus could evidently strengthen surface
species adsorption and trigger electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction
(OER) under a quite low onset potential of 200 mV with an excellent
Tafel slope of 32 mV/dec. X-ray absorption spectroscopy and first-principles
calculations demonstrate that the strong interface electron coupling
between CoOOH and graphene extracts partial electrons from the active
sties and increases the electron state density around the Fermi level
and effectively promotes the surface intermediates formation for efficient
OER
Design of NâCoordinated Dual-Metal Sites: A Stable and Active Pt-Free Catalyst for Acidic Oxygen Reduction Reaction
We develop a host-guest strategy
to construct an electrocatalyst
with Fe-Co dual sites embedded on N-doped porous carbon and demonstrate
its activity for oxygen reduction reaction in acidic electrolyte.
Our catalyst exhibits superior oxygen reduction reaction performance,
with comparable onset potential (<i>E</i><sub>onset</sub>, 1.06 vs 1.03 V) and half-wave potential (<i>E</i><sub>1/2</sub>, 0.863 vs 0.858 V) than commercial Pt/C. The fuel cell
test reveals (Fe,Co)/N-C outperforms most reported Pt-free catalysts
in H<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>/air. In addition,
this cathode catalyst with dual metal sites is stable in a long-term
operation with 50âŻ000 cycles for electrode measurement and
100 h for H<sub>2</sub>/air single cell operation. Density functional
theory calculations reveal the dual sites is favored for activation
of O-O, crucial for four-electron oxygen reduction