Table_1_Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sample-based frailty in older women: does pattern really matter?.DOCX

BackgroundThe relationship between the patterns of physical activity (PA) and frailty, including its various subdomains, remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the correlations between the patterns of physical activity and frailty and its various subdomains in community-dwelling older women.MethodsA cross-sectional study investigated the association between physical activity and frailty in 1,099 women aged between 60 to 70 years. Triaxial accelerometers were used to measure bouted PA (a minimum duration of 10 min) and sporadic PA (a duration of ResultsBouted moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and sporadic MVPA were associated with decreased odds of being prefrail and frail, and the optimal cutoff values were 6 and 19.7 for the prefrail stage and 6.6 and 19.4 min/day for the frail stage, respectively. Bouted light PA (LPA) was associated with decreased odds of being prefrail, and the optimal cutoff value was 170.2 min/day. Additionally, bouted and sporadic MVPA were associated with decreased odds of being slow and their optimal cutoff values were 5 and 19.1 min/day, respectively. Sporadic MVPA was associated with decreased odds of exhaustion, and the cutoff was 19.7 min/day. Bouted MVPA and LPA were associated with decreased odds of having low PA, and the cutoff values were 4.4 and 163.2 min/day, respectively.ConclusionAny MVPA, regardless of bout duration, could be used as a suitable PA program to improve and prevent frailty in older women, such as bouted MVPA (4–5 times/week) or sporadic MVPA (20 min/day). The improvement effect of bouted and sporadic MVPA on the frailty of older people may not be affected by the subdomain. Additionally, bouted LPA was suitable for the management of prefrailty.</p

Dye@bio-MOF‑1 Composite as a Dual-Emitting Platform for Enhanced Detection of a Wide Range of Explosive Molecules

By incorporating a cationic dye within a metal–organic framework (MOF) through an ion-exchange process, a responsive dye@bio-MOF-1 composite has been synthesized, serving as a dual-emitting platform for enhanced detection of different kinds of nitro-explosives, especially nitroalkanes, nitramines, and nitrate esters. The dye@bio-MOF-1 composite was constructed with free amines on their well-defined cavities, which is essential for the capture of explosives into their confined nanospace. It was observed that the encapsulation of explosives into the constructed dye@bio-MOF-1 composite could dramatically alter the luminescent properties of the dyes as well as the MOF skeletons owing to the size exclusivity and confinement-induced effect. For nitroaromatics, the dye@bio-MOF-1 composite exhibits turn-off responses via fluorescence quenching. Unexpectedly, the composite shows unique turn-on responses for aliphatic nitro-organics via confinement-induced enhancement, demonstrating enhanced ability to detecting different kinds of explosives selectively in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the dye@bio-MOF-1 film was facilely fabricated, making the chemical sensing more convenient and easier to realize the discrimination of the targeted explosives. The dual tunable responses indicate that dye@bio-MOF-1 composites are favorable materials for molecular sensing. On the basis of the host–guest properties of the constructed dye@bio-MOF-1 composite, our work can be further extended to sensing specific analytes with remarkable turn-on sensing properties, in particular those difficult to recognize with conventional methods

Electrothermally Driven Fluorescence Switching by Liquid Crystal Elastomers Based On Dimensional Photonic Crystals

In this article, the fabrication of an active organic–inorganic one-dimensional photonic crystal structure to offer electrothermal fluorescence switching is described. The film is obtained by spin-coating of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) and TiO₂ nanoparticles alternatively. By utilizing the property of LCEs that can change their size and shape reversibly under external thermal stimulations, the λ_max of the photonic band gap of these films is tuned by voltage through electrothermal conversion. The shifted photonic band gap further changes the matching degree between the photonic band gap of the film and the emission spectrum of organic dye mounting on the film. With rhodamine B as an example, the enhancement factor of its fluorescence emission is controlled by varying the matching degree. Thus, the fluorescence intensity is actively switched by voltage applied on the system, in a fast, adjustable, and reversible manner. The control chain of using the electrothermal stimulus to adjust fluorescence intensity via controlling the photonic band gap is proved by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV–vis reflectance. This mechanism also corresponded to the results from the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. The comprehensive usage of photonic crystals and liquid crystal elastomers opened a new possibility for active optical devices

Frequency of typical mutations observed among the 2,610 M₂ individuals screened.

<p>Frequency of typical mutations observed among the 2,610 M₂ individuals screened.</p

The mutation density and germination rate in published TILLING populations of different species under different EMS dosage treatments.

*<p>in M₃ plant.</p

Mutation detection and estimation of mutation frequency in three candidate genes of <i>Ppd-D1</i>, <i>Rubisco activase A</i> and <i>Rubisco activase B</i> by TILLING analysis.

a<p>, mutation detected by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels stained with silver;</p>b<p>, mutation detected by non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels stained with ethidium bromide;</p>c<p>, mutation detected by agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide.</p>*<p>For calculation of the mutation frequency, 100 bp sequences from each end were removed due to the base ambiguity.</p

Type and distribution of induced mutations discovered in <i>Ppd-D1</i> amplicon.

<p>Type and distribution of induced mutations discovered in <i>Ppd-D1</i> amplicon.</p

Digested bands detected with non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels stained with either silver (a) or ethidium bromide (b) and agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide (c).

<p>Putative mutations in the pools (1, 2, 3, 4) are identified by the presence of two bands (indicated by white arrows), with sizes adding up to the full length PCR product. (a). Non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel stained with silver; (b). Non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel stained with ethidium bromide; (c). Agarose gels stained with ethidium bromide.</p

Analysis of mutations identified in the <i>Ppd-D1</i> gene.

*<p>Het, heterozygote; Hom, homozygote.</p><p>PSSM or SIFT scores of mutation lines with star (*) are predicted to be damaging to protein function. Mutation with PSSM score larger than 10 indicates that the mutation is more likely to have a damaging effect on the protein function. Mutation with SIFT score less than 0.05 is predicted to be deleterious.</p

Mutant phenotypes observed in the M₂ and M₃ wheat plants.

<p>Mutant phenotypes: (a), (i), (j) dwarf and semi-dwarf; (b) single tiller; (c) coleoptile color; (d) seed size; (e), (m) albinism; (f) spike morphology; (g)(h) erect leaf; (k) narrow leaf; (l) strange leaf morphology; (n) disease sensitive; (o) large spikes with short awns; (p) yellow spots on leaves.</p