Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of ornamental plant, Bougainvillea peruviana (Nyctaginaceae)

Bougainvillea peruviana is a widely domesticated ornamental plant species. However, studies on B. peruviana are limited. In this study, we reported the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of B. peruviana. The cp genome is 154,465 bp in length, containing a large single-copy (LSC) of 85,563 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) of 18,050 bp, which are separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,426 bp, each. A total of 132 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes, were predicted. The overall GC content for the cp genome is 36.5%. The maximum-likelihood tree constructed based on cp genome sequences showed that B. peruviana is placed under Nyctaginaceae and is diverged before Bougainvillea glabra and Bougainvillea spectabilis under strong bootstrap support

The complete chloroplast genome of a commercially exploited ornamental plant, Bougainvillea glabra (Caryophyllales: Nyctaginaceae)

Bougainvillea glabra is an ornamental plant that is domesticated in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. The focus on its breeding programmes has overshadowed genetic studies of this important species. In this study, we reported on the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of B. glabra. The cp genome is 154,763 bp in size, comprised of a large single copy (LSC) region of 85,921 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 18,018 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,412 bp each. A total of 131 genes were predicted, including 37 tRNA, 8 rRNA, and 86 protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that B. glabra is placed under Nyctaginaceae and sister to B. spectabilis under a strong bootstrap support

Effects of Storage Time and Temperature on Antioxidants in Juice from Momordica charantia L. and Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Ser.

This study determined the antioxidant activities of juice from Momordica charantia L. (MC) and MC var. abbreviata Ser. (MCVAS) by analyzing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability, ferric reducing power (FRP), and total phenolic content (TPC). The effects of storage time and storage temperature on these antioxidant activities were investigated. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was conducted to identify the major components of MC and MCVAS. The results revealed that the antioxidant activity of MCVAS was better than that of MC, possibly because of richer components of MCVAS. For MC and MCVAS, the scavenging concentrations of 50% DPPH were 3.33 and 1.19 mg/mL, respectively; moreover, the FRP values were 68.93 and 118.14 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry weight, respectively; and the TPC values were 8.15 and 11.47 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight, respectively. The antioxidant activities of MC and MCVAS decreased with storage time. High storage temperature decreased antioxidant activity more quickly than a low temperature. In addition, MC had exhibited a faster decline in DPPH scavenging ability and FRP than MCVAS during 24-day storage, but no difference was observed in TPC

Raw datasets from Cellular mechanisms underlying extraordinary sulphide tolerance in a crustacean holobiont from hydrothermal vents

The shallow-water hydrothermal vent system of Kueishan Island has been described as one of the world's most acidic and sulphide-rich marine habitats. The only recorded metazoan species living in the direct vicinity of the vents is Xenograpsus testudinatus, a brachyuran crab endemic to marine sulphur-rich vent systems. Despite the toxicity of hydrogen sulphide, X. testudinatus occupies an ecological niche in a sulphide-rich habitat, with the underlying detoxification mechanism remaining unknown. Using laboratory and field-based experiments, we characterized the gills of X. testudinatus that are the major site of sulphide detoxification. Here sulphide is oxidized to thiosulphate or bound to hypotaurine to generate the less toxic thiotaurine. Biochemical and molecular analyses demonstrated that the accumulation of thiosulphate and hypotaurine is mediated by the sodium-independent sulphate anion transporter (SLC26A11) and taurine transporter (Taut), which are expressed in gill epithelia. Histological and metagenomic analyses of gill tissues demonstrated a distinct bacterial signature dominated by Epsilonproteobacteria. Our results suggest that thiotaurine synthesized in gills is used by sulphide-oxidizing endo-symbiotic bacteria, creating an effective sulphide-buffering system. This work identified physiological mechanisms involving host-microbe interactions that support life of a metazoan in one of the most extreme environments on our planet

Supplemental Figures from Cellular mechanisms underlying extraordinary sulphide tolerance in a crustacean holobiont from hydrothermal vents

The shallow-water hydrothermal vent system of Kueishan Island has been described as one of the world's most acidic and sulphide-rich marine habitats. The only recorded metazoan species living in the direct vicinity of the vents is Xenograpsus testudinatus, a brachyuran crab endemic to marine sulphur-rich vent systems. Despite the toxicity of hydrogen sulphide, X. testudinatus occupies an ecological niche in a sulphide-rich habitat, with the underlying detoxification mechanism remaining unknown. Using laboratory and field-based experiments, we characterized the gills of X. testudinatus that are the major site of sulphide detoxification. Here sulphide is oxidized to thiosulphate or bound to hypotaurine to generate the less toxic thiotaurine. Biochemical and molecular analyses demonstrated that the accumulation of thiosulphate and hypotaurine is mediated by the sodium-independent sulphate anion transporter (SLC26A11) and taurine transporter (Taut), which are expressed in gill epithelia. Histological and metagenomic analyses of gill tissues demonstrated a distinct bacterial signature dominated by Epsilonproteobacteria. Our results suggest that thiotaurine synthesized in gills is used by sulphide-oxidizing endo-symbiotic bacteria, creating an effective sulphide-buffering system. This work identified physiological mechanisms involving host-microbe interactions that support life of a metazoan in one of the most extreme environments on our planet

Supplemental Information for Materials and Methods from Cellular mechanisms underlying extraordinary sulphide tolerance in a crustacean holobiont from hydrothermal vents

The shallow-water hydrothermal vent system of Kueishan Island has been described as one of the world's most acidic and sulphide-rich marine habitats. The only recorded metazoan species living in the direct vicinity of the vents is Xenograpsus testudinatus, a brachyuran crab endemic to marine sulphur-rich vent systems. Despite the toxicity of hydrogen sulphide, X. testudinatus occupies an ecological niche in a sulphide-rich habitat, with the underlying detoxification mechanism remaining unknown. Using laboratory and field-based experiments, we characterized the gills of X. testudinatus that are the major site of sulphide detoxification. Here sulphide is oxidized to thiosulphate or bound to hypotaurine to generate the less toxic thiotaurine. Biochemical and molecular analyses demonstrated that the accumulation of thiosulphate and hypotaurine is mediated by the sodium-independent sulphate anion transporter (SLC26A11) and taurine transporter (Taut), which are expressed in gill epithelia. Histological and metagenomic analyses of gill tissues demonstrated a distinct bacterial signature dominated by Epsilonproteobacteria. Our results suggest that thiotaurine synthesized in gills is used by sulphide-oxidizing endo-symbiotic bacteria, creating an effective sulphide-buffering system. This work identified physiological mechanisms involving host-microbe interactions that support life of a metazoan in one of the most extreme environments on our planet