8 research outputs found
Antibiotic-dependent instability of homeostatic plasticity for growth and environmental load
Reducing antibiotic usage in livestock animals has become an urgent issue
worldwide to prevent antimicrobial resistance. Here, abuse of chlortetracycline
(CTC), a versatile antibacterial agent, on the performance, blood components,
fecal microbiota, and organic acid concentration in calves was investigated.
Japanese Black calves were fed milk replacer containing CTC at 10 g/kg (CON) or
0 g/kg (EXP). Growth performance was not affected by CTC administration.
However, CTC administration altered the correlation between fecal organic acids
and bacterial genera. Machine learning methods such as association analysis,
linear discriminant analysis, and energy landscape analysis revealed that CTC
administration affected according to certain rules the population of various
types of fecal bacteria. It is particularly interesting that the population of
several methane-producing bacteria was high in the CON, and that of
Lachnospiraceae, a butyrate-producing bacteria, was high in the EXP at 60 d of
age. Furthermore, statistical causal inference based on machine learning data
estimated that CTC treatment affects the entire intestinal environment,
inhibiting butyrate production for growth and biological defense, which may be
attributed to methanogens in feces. Thus, these observations highlight the
multiple harmful impacts of antibiotics on intestinal health and the potential
production of greenhouse gas in the calves
The Influence of Fattening by Eco-Feed Based on Okara on the Growth, Meat Quality and Histochemical Properties of the Longissimus Thoracis Muscle in Japanese Black Cattle
A Simple Method of Optical Evaluation of the Distribution of Muscle Extracellular Matrix by Immunofluorescence and Image Analysis using Fluorescent Semiconductor Nanocrystals (quantum dot)
Intensive Nursing and Feeding During the Early Growth Period Altered Intramuscular Adipogenesis in Crossbred Steers (Japanese Black Male x Holstein Female)
Usefulness of Natural Mating on the Reproduction in Japanese Black Cows
黒毛和種の種雄牛1頭と繁殖雌牛14頭を用いて,自然発情(自然発情区)後の自然交配と発情同期化処理に基づく発情誘起(発情誘起区)による自然交配における繁殖成績を調べ,人工授精における繁殖成績と比較検討した.発情同期化処理としてCIDR(イージーブリード)を利用したオブシンク(Ovsynch : Ovary Synchronization)プログラムを用いた.それぞれの延受胎率は自然交配の自然発情区93.3%,発情誘起区50.0%,人工授精の自然発情区42.4%,発情誘起区40.0%を示し,受胎した繁殖牛1頭当たりの授精回数はそれぞれ1.1回,2.0回,2.4回,および2.5回であった.自然交配の自然発情区では14頭中13頭が初回授精にて受胎した(92.9%).また,自然交配の受胎間隔は人工授精のそれより有意に短縮され(83日短縮),345日であった(P<0.01).黒毛和種において種雄牛による自然交配により繁殖成績の向上,繁殖管理の省力化が図られ,同一種雄牛で同一月齢の子牛生産が可能になると推察された.黒毛和種種雄牛の飼養管理にかかる年間経費は,年間40頭の子牛を受胎させる繁殖経費とほぼ等しく,種雄牛による自然交配の導入は大規模繁殖農家にとって有効であると考えられる.今後は黒毛和種による自然交配で生産された子牛に対する市場評価を高めることが課題であろう.Reproductive efficiency of a Japanese Black bull to 14 cows was examined on the mating in natural estrus and introduced estrus caused by Ovsynch (Ovary Synchronization) program with CIDR (EAZI-BREED) for synchronization of estrus. The efficiency of the mating was compared with it of artificial insemination (AI) service. Conception rate on the mating to natural estrous cows was 93.3%, the number of fertilization per one conception was 1.1 times, and the scores on the mating to Ovsynch-treated cows were 50.0% and 2.0 services respectively. On AI service, conception rate in natural estrus was 42.4%, the number of fertilization per one conception was 2.4, and the scores in introduced estrus were 40.0% and 2.5 services respectively. 13 of 14 cows were conceived by the first mating in natural estrus. Moreover, conception interval on natural mating (345 days) was shorter than on AI services (428 days). From these result, it is suggested that natural mating by bull is quite useful to improvement of reproductive efficiency and labor-saving management of reproduction and make it possible to breed calves whose father is the same at the same season. On the reproductive cost, the introduction of bull is effective for farmers who raise more than 40 calves a year. To realize this natural mating in Japanese Black cows, the estimate of its produced calf would be essential on the market
Study of Availability of Seabuckthorn Strained Lees as Cattle Feed
グミ科, ヒッポファエ属の沙棘 (サジー, 学名:Hippophae rhamnoides L., 英語名:Seabuckthorn) は, 生理活性物質を豊富に含む植物である. ニーヴァンス (株) はサジーを用いて滋養強壮剤を開発中であるが, その搾り粕も栄養を豊富に含むため有効な活用法を模索している. 本研究では, 離乳直後の黒毛和牛15頭 (雄 9 頭, 雌 6 頭) を用いて, 配合飼料へのサジー搾り粕添加給与による離乳ストレスならびに成長に関する影響を血中成分により調査した. 対照区 ( 5 頭, 体重:81.1±4.6kg), サジー搾り粕 5 %添加区 ( 5 頭, 85.4±9.3kg) および同10%添加区 ( 5 頭, 80.2±6.4kg) を設定し, 離乳時から 6 カ月間の体重と血液性状の変化を調べた. 頚静脈から採血後, 血清中総蛋白質 (Biuret 法), アルブミン (BCG 法), 中性脂肪 (酵素法), γ-GTP (JSCC 準拠法), 免疫に関わる IgA, IgG および IgM (ネフェロメトリー法) 含量を測定した. 離乳時体重を基準とした場合のその後の成長に伴う体重比は, 対照区に比べて, 5 %と10%添加区で有意 (P <0.05) に低かった. 総蛋白質, アルブミンおよび中性脂肪含量は, 実験期間を通して変動したが一定の傾向はなかった. γ-GTP 含量は対照区と10%添加区に比べて, 5 %添加区では離乳時から 1 カ月目まで高値を示した (P <0.05). IgA, IgG および IgM 含量に一定の傾向はなかった. 以上より, 配合飼料へのサジー搾り粕添加 (10%以内) は, 牛の健康及び成長に害を及ぼすことはなかったが, 牛の血液性状ならびに体重増加にも特別の効果は及ぼさなかった. しかし, 育成期において増体の低下に影響することが示唆され, 配合飼料としての利用は直接添加することを避け, 加工や栄養素の抽出操作などを行う必要があるものと考えられた.Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is the plant which contained many nutrients, for vitamin. In this study, the effect of seabuckthorn lees (SL) which added in concentrate feed on the growth and blood parameter, in particular factors in relation to stress in the weaning period was investigated using Japanese black cattle (n=15). Control group (n=5, body weight: 81.1±4.6kg) , 5% SL group (n=5, 85.4±9.3kg) and 10 % SL group (n=5, 80.2±6.4kg) were set up. The changes of body weight and blood parameter from wean to six months cattle were investigated. Body weight in 5 % and 10 % SL group were lower (P<0.05) than that of control group. There were differences of serum total protein, albumen and triglyceride among group. Contents of γ-GTP in 5% group was higher (P<0.05) those of control and 10 % group from weaning to one month. The contents of IgA, IgG and IgM were not changed. Therefore growth and blood parameter in cattle were not affected by the addition to SL (within 10 %). However, body weight in cattle decreased for SL addition. For use of SL, future study needs to investigate the processing and extracting of SL
A Simple Method of Optical Evaluation of the Distribution of Muscle Extracellular Matrix by Immunofluorescence and Image Analysis using Fluorescent Semiconductor Nanocrystals (quantum dot)
A simple method using optically stable quantum dots (Qdots) for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was tested to investigate their signal localization and stability in extracellular matrix (ECM) components of bovine longissimus thoracis muscles in fattened Japanese black steers. Detection of primary antibodies of each ECM component in IHC was based on fluorescence from streptavidin-linked inorganic crystals of cadmium selenide in Qdots with a fluorescence microscope (FM). We could observe each ECM component by IHC using Qdots in a FM for a long time. Each ECM component was detected clearly in the perimysium and endomysium in skeletal muscle. Using computer image analysis software, each ECM component was reconstructed in detail: structures were clear, with the distribution of each component of the ECM shown after 3D conversion based on the strength of fluorescenece. It is possible and useful to apply a simple method of IHC using Qdots under FM to the detailed investigation of ECM components in skeletal muscle
牛用配合飼料としての沙棘 (サジー) 絞り粕の可能性に関する研究
グミ科, ヒッポファエ属の沙棘 (サジー, 学名:Hippophae rhamnoides L., 英語名:Seabuckthorn) は, 生理活性物質を豊富に含む植物である. ニーヴァンス (株) はサジーを用いて滋養強壮剤を開発中であるが, その搾り粕も栄養を豊富に含むため有効な活用法を模索している. 本研究では, 離乳直後の黒毛和牛15頭 (雄 9 頭, 雌 6 頭) を用いて, 配合飼料へのサジー搾り粕添加給与による離乳ストレスならびに成長に関する影響を血中成分により調査した. 対照区 ( 5 頭, 体重:81.1±4.6kg), サジー搾り粕 5 %添加区 ( 5 頭, 85.4±9.3kg) および同10%添加区 ( 5 頭, 80.2±6.4kg) を設定し, 離乳時から 6 カ月間の体重と血液性状の変化を調べた. 頚静脈から採血後, 血清中総蛋白質 (Biuret 法), アルブミン (BCG 法), 中性脂肪 (酵素法), γ-GTP (JSCC 準拠法), 免疫に関わる IgA, IgG および IgM (ネフェロメトリー法) 含量を測定した. 離乳時体重を基準とした場合のその後の成長に伴う体重比は, 対照区に比べて, 5 %と10%添加区で有意 (P <0.05) に低かった. 総蛋白質, アルブミンおよび中性脂肪含量は, 実験期間を通して変動したが一定の傾向はなかった. γ-GTP 含量は対照区と10%添加区に比べて, 5 %添加区では離乳時から 1 カ月目まで高値を示した (P <0.05). IgA, IgG および IgM 含量に一定の傾向はなかった. 以上より, 配合飼料へのサジー搾り粕添加 (10%以内) は, 牛の健康及び成長に害を及ぼすことはなかったが, 牛の血液性状ならびに体重増加にも特別の効果は及ぼさなかった. しかし, 育成期において増体の低下に影響することが示唆され, 配合飼料としての利用は直接添加することを避け, 加工や栄養素の抽出操作などを行う必要があるものと考えられた.Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is the plant which contained many nutrients, for vitamin. In this study, the effect of seabuckthorn lees (SL) which added in concentrate feed on the growth and blood parameter, in particular factors in relation to stress in the weaning period was investigated using Japanese black cattle (n=15). Control group (n=5, body weight: 81.1±4.6kg) , 5% SL group (n=5, 85.4±9.3kg) and 10 % SL group (n=5, 80.2±6.4kg) were set up. The changes of body weight and blood parameter from wean to six months cattle were investigated. Body weight in 5 % and 10 % SL group were lower (P<0.05) than that of control group. There were differences of serum total protein, albumen and triglyceride among group. Contents of γ-GTP in 5% group was higher (P<0.05) those of control and 10 % group from weaning to one month. The contents of IgA, IgG and IgM were not changed. Therefore growth and blood parameter in cattle were not affected by the addition to SL (within 10 %). However, body weight in cattle decreased for SL addition. For use of SL, future study needs to investigate the processing and extracting of SL