21 research outputs found
Schematic illustration of the measurement of the distance between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and the alveolar bone crest (ABC).
<p>Distance from the CEJ to the ABC was measured at four points indicated on the first molar to the third molar.</p
Overview of the experimental design for induction of periodontitis by ligature (Experimental design 1).
<p>Mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of PBS, CSC or nicotine for 3 consecutive days (days −3 to −1). Mice were examined on day 7 after placement of the ligature.</p
Micro-CT analysis.
<p>(A) The maxillae were scanned by micro-computed tomography. (B) Measurement of total bone loss. Bar graphs represent the mean values ± SD (n = 3). * <i>p</i> < 0.01, vs. without ligation. ** <i>p</i> < 0.01, vs. PBS-treated. Dashed line means baseline (unligated side in PBS treatment in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0155594#pone.0155594.g003" target="_blank">Fig 3B</a>).</p
Histological analysis.
<p>Histological analysis of alveolar bone between the first molar and the second molar with or without a ligature. Decalcified periodontal tissue sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin solution. Representative tissue sections are shown.</p
Overview of experimental design for alveolar bone repair after ligature removal (Experimental design 2).
<p>Mice were given daily intraperitoneal injections of PBS, CSC or nicotine for 3 consecutive days (days −3 to −1). Some of the mice were examined on day 7 after placement of the ligature, and some of the mice were examined 10 days after ligature removal. Three mice with nicotine-treated were given additional intraperitoneal injection of nicotine for 3 consecutive days (days 8–10) and examined 10 days after ligature removal.</p
TRAP staining.
<p>(A) Detection of osteoclasts in tissue sections by tartrate-resistance acid phosphate (TRAP) staining. (B) Quantification of TRAP-positive osteoclasts. The mean of number of positive cells was determined from five serial sections per mouse. Data are represented as mean ± SD (n = 7). * <i>p</i> < 0.01, vs. without ligation. ** <i>p</i> < 0.01, vs. PBS-treated.</p
RANKL expression in submandibular lymph nodes.
<p><i>Rankl</i> mRNA expression in submandibular lymph nodes was assessed by real-time PCR. Quantitative mRNA values were normalized to the amount of <i>Gapdh</i>. Bar graphs represent the mean values ± SD (n = 7). * <i>p</i> < 0.01, vs. without ligation. ** <i>p</i> < 0.01, vs. PBS treated. Lower panels are images of submandibular lymph nodes. Representative lymph nodes are shown.</p
Histogram and Weibull Shape Parameter of Long QT Syndrome for 1) Disopyramide (oral), 2) Flecainide (oral), 3) Pilsicainide (oral), 4) Cibenzoline (oral), 5) Aprindine (oral), 6) Amiodarone (oral), 7) Bepridil (oral).
<p>Histogram and Weibull Shape Parameter of Long QT Syndrome for 1) Disopyramide (oral), 2) Flecainide (oral), 3) Pilsicainide (oral), 4) Cibenzoline (oral), 5) Aprindine (oral), 6) Amiodarone (oral), 7) Bepridil (oral).</p
Number of reports and Reporting Odds Ratio of Long QT syndrome.
<p>Number of reports and Reporting Odds Ratio of Long QT syndrome.</p
The medians and weibull parameter of each drugs.
<p>The medians and weibull parameter of each drugs.</p