HEART DISEASE SCREENING OF SCHOOL CHILDREN USING ABBREVIATED ELECTROCARDIOGRAM AND PHONOCARDIOGRAM

By recording the electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram simultaneously using three abbreviated leads, 23,216 (6 and 7 years of age) elementary school children were screened for heart diseases. One hundred and one cases (0.44%) with congenital heart diseases, ten cases (0.04%) with acquired heart diseases and 100 cases (0.43%) with electrocardiographic abnormalities were discovered. From these observations, we conclude that this screening method applied on school children is useful in discovering the previously unrecognized heart diseases, especially atrial septal defect, primary myocardial disease and arrhythmia

C_<70> Molecular Stumbling inside Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

We report the structural study of C_-one-dimensional (1D) crystal formed inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). X-ray diffraction measurements were performed between 100 K and 999 K on C_-encapsulated SWNTs with an average diameter of 1.37 nm. Two different domains, where the dominant alignment of C_ molecular long axis is standing or lying with respect to the tube axis, were observed; the ratio of the standing to the lying C_-domains is roughly 7:3. Thermal expansion of interfullerene distance gave no evidence for orientational phase transitions, not as in the 3D crystals. Instead, the long-range order of the standing C_-alignment was thermally destroyed with an activation energy of 39±4 meV. The results imply the importance of either the 1D fluctuation or the tube-C_ interaction at finite temperatures