Effect of Lighting Using Yellow LEDs Designed for Moth Control on Flowering Response of Chrysanthemum

In order to develop a single light source which can be used both for moth control and flower inhibition in chrysanthemum, effects of blue (463nm), green (519nm), yellow green (576nm), yellow (597nm) and red light (646nm) LEDs on the flowering and the cut flower characteristics of chrysanthemum were investigated. As irradiance increased, the days to flower budding increased except under blue light. Yellow green and yellow LED had flower inhibiting effect equivalent to red LED. There was no difference in the crown bud number and the occurrence of abnormal flower irrespective of the light quality and irradiance. Next the, effects of night break and continuous lighting treatment by yellow LED on the flowering and cut flower characteristics of the chrysanthemum were investigated. There were significant differences in the cut flower characteristics except for the blade number on the neck in these treatments ; there was no practical problem with night break or continuous lighting. The minimum irradiance strength enough for flower inhibition in the continuous lighting treatment was about 80 mW m−2 that was half in night break treatment. Therefore, it is considered that yellow LED can be used as single light source for both moth control and flower inhibition in chrysanthemum.キクの防蛾と開花抑制に両用できる単一の光源を開発するために，青（ピーク波長：463nm），緑（519nm），黄緑（576nm），黄（597nm）および赤色（646nm）LED光が開花および切り花形質に及ぼす影響を調査した．青色光を除いて，放射照度が大きいほど発蕾までの日数が大きくなった．黄緑および黄色光は，赤色光とほぼ同等の開花抑制作用を有していた．いずれの光質および放射照度に関わらず，やなぎ葉数や花弁の展開異常の発生に差は見られなかった．次に，黄色LED光による暗期中断と終夜照明による影響を調査した．暗期中断と終夜照明では，やなぎ葉数を除く切り花形質に有意な差が見られたが，実用上の問題はなかった．開花抑制に必要となる放射照度の下限値は，終夜照明では約80mW m-2であり，暗期中断のほぼ半分であった．以上のことから，黄色LED光は，単一の光源としてキクの防蛾と開花抑制に両用することが可能であった

Interpretações econômicas da recessão brasileira de 2014: análises novo-desenvolvimentista e marxista.

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro Sócio-Econômico. Economia.Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as interpretações novo-desenvolvimentista e marxista sobre a origem da crise econômica brasileira iniciada em 2014. O período entre 2014 e 2017 foi marcado por contração econômica, reduzindo em 9% o PIB per capita brasileiro. Fatores conjunturais aprofundaram a recessão, como a mudança na alocação do gasto público a partir de 2011 e o realinhamento de preços controlados em 2015. Porém, conforme a perspectiva marxista e novo-desenvolvimentista, a origem do decrescimento é atribuída à queda na taxa de lucro, variável que determina a taxa de investimento e tem grande influência sobre o crescimento. Para o novo-desenvolvimentismo a sobrevalorização da taxa de câmbio e os aumentos salariais acima da produtividade do trabalho causaram uma queda na taxa de lucro suficiente para mudar os planejamentos de investimentos e, consequentemente, reverter o crescimento econômico. Na teoria marxista, por sua vez, a taxa de lucro cai devido aos aumentos na razão entre capital fixo e capital variável e devido à redução da taxa de exploração do trabalhado. A taxa de lucro brasileira iniciou uma trajetória de queda em 2007, devido ao aumento da participação do salário na renda, iniciado em 2004, e da queda da produtividade do capital de pleno emprego, explicada pela crise financeira internacional de 2008. A recessão da economia brasileira começa em 2014 e chega como um meio de recuperar a taxa de lucro através da redução da renda dos trabalhadores

High-Gain Power Recycling of a Fabry Perot Michelson Interferometer for a Gravitational-Wave Antenna

Power recycling was implemented on a fully suspended prototype interferometer with arm lengths of 20 m. A wave-front-sensing technique for alignment control of the suspended mirrors was also implemented, which allowed for several hours of stable operation. A power-recycling gain of greater than 12 was achieved, a significant increase over the highest gain in a suspended mirror Fabry Perot Michelson interferometer reported to date

Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor Ameliorates Autophagic Flux Impairment on Renal Proximal Tubular Cells in Obesity Mice

Obesity is supposed to cause renal injury via autophagy deficiency. Recently, sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were reported to protect renal injury. However, the mechanisms of SGLT2i for renal protection are unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of SGLT2i for autophagy in renal proximal tubular cells (PTCs) on obesity mice. We fed C57BL/6J mice with a normal diet (ND) or high-fat and -sugar diet (HFSD) for nine weeks, then administered SGLT2i, empagliflozin, or control compound for one week. Each group contained N = 5. The urinary N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase level in the HFSD group significantly increased compared to ND group. The tubular damage was suppressed in the SGLT2i-HFSD group. In electron microscopic analysis, multi lamellar bodies that increased in autophagy deficiency were increased in PTCs in the HFSD group but significantly suppressed in the SGLT2i group. The autophagosomes of damaged mitochondria in PTCs in the HFSD group frequently appeared in the SGLT2i group. p62 accumulations in PTCs were significantly increased in HFSD group but significantly suppressed by SGLT2i. In addition, the mammalian target of rapamycin was activated in the HFSD group but significantly suppressed in SGLT2i group. These data suggest that SGLT2i has renal protective effects against obesity via improving autophagy flux impairment in PTCs on a HFSD

Impacts of a full-time school program on learning, schools' composition and infrastructure: the case of public schools in the state of São Paulo - Brazil

O artigo avalia o impacto do Programa de Educação Integral (PEI) implementado no Estado de São Paulo (Brasil) sobre o desempenho educacional (SAEB) e características das escolas participantes. Usando diferenças em diferenças e lead and lags, encontramos efeitos positivos e significativos sobre o desempenho em matemática (0.469 desvio-padrão) e português (0.462 desvio-padrão) para os estudantes do 9º ano do ensino fundamental. O impacto é maior se a escola recebe o programa há mais tempo. O programa também reduziu a desigualdade de notas dentro das escolas. Também identificamos que as escolas participantes apresentaram mudanças em sua infraestrutura e perfil socioeconômico dos alunos.This article assesses the impact of the Programa de Educação Integral (PEI) implemented in the state of São Paulo (Brazil) on test scores and school characteristics. Using difference-in-differences and leads and lags methods, we found positive and significant effects of the program on performance in Mathematics (0.469 standard deviations) and Portuguese (0.462 standard deviations) for ninth grade students. The impact is greater if the school receives the program for a longer time. Also, the program reduced the disparities of scores within schools. We also identified that participant schools undergo changes in their infrastructure and students’ socioeconomic profile

MicroRNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome where a rapid decrease in kidney function and/or urine output is observed, which may result in the imbalance of water, electrolytes and acid base. It is associated with poor prognosis and prolonged hospitalization. Therefore, an early diagnosis and treatment to avoid the severe AKI stage are important. While several biomarkers, such as urinary L-FABP and NGAL, can be clinically useful, there is still no gold standard for the early detection of AKI and there are limited therapeutic options against AKI. miRNAs are non-coding and single-stranded RNAs that silence their target genes in the post-transcriptional process and are involved in a wide range of biological processes. Recent accumulated evidence has revealed that miRNAs may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AKI. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge about miRNAs as promising biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for AKI, as well as the challenges in their clinical use