砂糖,食塩および脱脂粉乳水溶液の密度および粘度の温度,濃度関係式

液状食品に関する各種装置の設計ならびに操作に関する研究を行なっていくたあには,液状食品の密度,粘度などの物性値を温度,濃度などの条件関係式として表わしておくことが必要である。本研究では,砂糖,食塩,脱脂粉乳およびこれらの混合水溶液についての密度,粘度の測定値を例として,関係式の設定について検討した。 密度関係式は,条係範囲が広い場合には,温度,濃度についてそれぞれ2～3次多項式として表わす必要があるが,条件範囲が狭い場合には,次式を近似式として利用できる結果が得られた。 ρ=aT+bS+c ここで,ρ(g/cm3):密度,T(°K):温度,S(wt%):濃度である。混合水溶液に対しては,重量混合率を用いた加成性が得られる結果となった。 粘度関係式は,次式を近似式として利用できる結果が得られた。 μ=a exp(b/T^n) ここで,μ(g/cm3・sec):粘度である。水に近いもので,条件範囲が広いものでは,n=3として表わす必要があるが,条件範囲が広くない場合には,n=1としたAndradeの式が利用できる結果が得られた。aとbは,濃度範囲が広くない範囲で,次式が適用できる結果になった。 a=10^αsn+β b=α'S^m+β'The values of the density and the viscosity are important for designing and controlling various apparatuses. In this paper, we studied the equations regarding the temperature and the concentration of the density and the viscosity of sugar, salt and skim milk solutions. For the density, the following equations were approximately obtained. p =aT+ bS+c (g/cm3) For sugar solution (T=283.2~323.2°K, S=0~30 wt%): a=-3.49×10^-4, b=4.26×10^-3, c=1.098 For salt solution (T=283.2~323.2°K, S=0~24 wt%): a=-4.11×l0^-4, b=7.46×10^-3, c=1.118 For skim milk solution (T=283.2~323.2°K, S=0~25.3 wt%): a=-3.39×10^-4 , b=3.88×10^-3 , c=1.096 For the mixed solutions: p=kSXS+kNXN+kMXM where, X(-) is weight fractions of the solid matters in the solutions and ks, kN and kM (g/cm3) are the values of the density of the solutions of solid matters S, N and M (sugar, salt and skim milk) for the concentration of St=SS + SN + SM (wt%), respectively. For the viscosity, the following equations were approximately obtained at T=283.2~323.2 °K. µ=a exp(b/T^n) (g/cm • sec) For sugar solution (S=0~30 wt%): a=10^4.58×10^-3s1.15 -3.05 b=9.90×10^4 S^1.51+6.10×10^7 n=3 For salt solution (S=0~24 wt%): a=10^3.59×10^-3s1.33 -2.00 b=5.79×10^7 n=3 For skim milk solution (S=0~15 wt%): The previous results1,2) used Andrade equation are more useful. For the mixed solutions (St=0~15 wt%): The previous results2) can be used

Macrophage centripetal migration drives spontaneous healing process after spinal cord injury.

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) brings numerous inflammatory cells, including macrophages, from the circulating blood to lesions, but pathophysiological impact resulting from spatiotemporal dynamics of macrophages is unknown. Here, we show that macrophages centripetally migrate toward the lesion epicenter after infiltrating into the wide range of spinal cord, depending on the gradient of chemoattractant C5a. However, macrophages lacking interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) cannot migrate toward the epicenter and remain widely scattered in the injured cord with profound axonal loss and little remyelination, resulting in a poor functional outcome after SCI. Time-lapse imaging and P2X/YRs blockade revealed that macrophage migration via IRF8 was caused by purinergic receptors involved in the C5a-directed migration. Conversely, pharmacological promotion of IRF8 activation facilitated macrophage centripetal movement, thereby improving the SCI recovery. Our findings reveal the importance of macrophage centripetal migration via IRF8, providing a novel therapeutic target for central nervous system injury

High-pressure Raman study of the iodine-doped silicon clathrate I8Si44I2

Raman scattering measurements of an iodine-doped I8Si44I2 clathrate have been performed at pressures up to 28 GPa and 296 K. We found two Raman peaks at 75 and 101 cm-1 associated with the vibrations of guest I atoms inside the host Si cages, and observed some framework vibrations around 120–500 cm-1. These characteristic Raman bands and their pressure dependence are investigated in consideration of our recent Ba8Si46 studies. The lowest-frequency framework vibration at 133 cm-1 shows the softening with pressure, which seems to be the common feature of Si clathrates. A strong and broad Raman band centered at 461 cm-1 is identified to the highest-frequency framework vibration, which is likely intensified and broadened by the considerable framework distortion due to the replacement of framework Si with larger I atom. No obvious pressure-induced phase transition was found up to 28 GPa. The guest-host interactions are investigated by the present vibrational properties and are compared with those of previous neutron studies of I8Si44I2

N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate(hystoacryl)にて2期的に塞栓術を要した巨大腎動静脈奇形の1例

We report a case of huge renal arteriovenous malformation treated with superselective endovascular embolization in two treatments using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Hystoacryl).症例は40歳, 女性。膀胱タンポナーデを主訴に近医受診した。膀胱鏡にて右尿管口からの出血を認めた。造影3D-CT所見から右腎中央から下極に渡る3×4cmの巨大な腎動静脈奇形と診断した。造影にて早期から流出静脈が認められ, high flow typeと診断した。無水エタノールでの塞栓は無効であったため, N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate(hystoacryl)を用いて, 2期的に塞栓術を施行した。術後, 3ヵ月後の腹部MRIではnidusの開存は認めず, 右腎の大部分の血流は保たれていた。顕微鏡的血尿も消失した。(著者抄録

A Case of Metastatic Fumarate Hydratase-Deficient–like Renal Cell Carcinoma Successfully Managed by Ipilimumab plus Nivolumab

We report a 62-year-old male with metastatic fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-deficient RCC) without fumarate hydratase (FH) mutation (FH-deficient–like RCC). The International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium risk score was intermediate, and immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab (Ipi/ Nivo) was initiated. Four cycles of Ipi/Nivo and 5 cycles of nivolumab resulted in a complete response of the metastases. Hypophysitis occurred as an immune-related adverse event after four cycles of Ipi/Nivo. The prognosis of patients with FH-deficient RCC is generally poor. Few reports of FH-deficient RCC successfully treated with Ipi/Nivo have been published. Ipi/Nivo can be effective for treating FH-deficient RCC

The 2006 November outburst of EG Aquarii: the SU UMa nature revealed

We report time-resolved CCD photometry of the cataclysmic variable EG Aquarii during the 2006 November outburst During the outburst, superhumps were unambiguously detected with a mean period of 0.078828(6) days, firstly classifying the object as an SU UMa-type dwarf nova. It also turned out that the outburst contained a precursor. At the end of the precursor, immature profiles of humps were observed. By a phase analysis of these humps, we interpreted the features as superhumps. This is the second example that the superhumps were shown during a precursor. Near the maximum stage of the outburst, we discovered an abrupt shift of the superhump period by ${\sim}$ 0.002 days. After the supermaximum, the superhump period decreased at the rate of $\dot{P}/P$=$-8.2{\times}10^{-5}$, which is typical for SU UMa-type dwarf novae. Although the outburst light curve was characteristic of SU UMa-type dwarf novae, long-term monitoring of the variable shows no outbursts over the past decade. We note on the basic properties of long period and inactive SU UMa-type dwarf novae.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for PAS