Comparative study of pathological lesions of liver in autopsy cases

Background: Liver is a site for plethora of diseases among which many become symptomatic while others usually either go undiagnosed or are concealed by other prominent diseases. As said about liver to be the custodian of milieu interior most of the silent liver diseases are diagnosed only on autopsy examination. Aims and objectives was to study various pathological lesions of liver in medicolegal and clinical autopsy cases and to corelate liver diseases with age and sex. Retrospective cross-sectional observational study of 649 medicolegal and clinical autopsies conducted within 2 years of duration (January 2017 to December 2018).Methods: Out of all 649 autopsies conducted in our hospital all liver specimens along with other organs viscera were collected and formalin fixed. After gross examination sections from the liver were submitted for tissue processing and then stained with haematoxylin and eosin stain.Results: The most common pathology found in our study was fatty change (11.1%) followed by venous congestion (4.3%), hepatitis (3.5%), cirrhosis (2.2%), tuberculosis/ granulomatous hepatitis (0.6%), chronic hepatitis (0.3%), malignancy (1%), miscellaneous (2%) and normal (72.4%). Maximum cases were in 21-30 years of age group with male preponderance.Conclusions: Autopsy examination of liver is an effective tool to identify silent liver diseases. Use of autopsy findings along with other investigative techniques

DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF GUANFACINE EXTENDED RELEASE FORMULATION

Objective: The present study was aimed to develop of the Guanfacine Hydrochloride Extended-release tablets for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The dosage regimen of Guanfacine Hydrochloride is 4 mg at every 6 h. The concentration of Guanfacine in plasma is fluctuating. Hence, to control the plasma fluctuation and to avoid toxicity problem, Guanfacine Hydrochloride was chosen as a drug with an aim to develop an extended release system for 20 to 24 h. Methods: The design of the system was based on the use of pH-dependent polymer (Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose), pH-independent polymer (Eudragit L 100-55), along with microenvironment modifiers such as organic acid (Fumaric acid) were used in the formulation. Drug-excipient compatibility was studied by FTIR. Before compression, the granules were evaluated for precompression parameters such as bulk density, tapped density, an angle of repose, compressibility index and Hausner’s ratio. After compression, evaluation tests of tablets such as general appearance, hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, content uniformity, in vitro release studies and stability studies were performed. Results: Out of 9 formulations, the drug release was found to be within the innovator formulation F9. The stability study of formulation F9 revealed there was no significant change in physical and chemical properties of drug stored at 40 °C/75 % RH, 30 °C/65 % RH, 25 °C/60 % RH for 2 mo. Conclusion: Optimized formulation batch F9 showed highest F2 value which indicates similarity with innovator product. The study indicates that Guanfacine Hydrochloride Extended-release tablet was successfully developed

IMAGE RETRIEVAL AND OBJECT CATEGORIZATION USING COLOR INTEREST POINT

ABSTRAC

A study of adverse drug reactions in patients receiving treatment for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis

Background: A high frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is one of the major challenges in the treatment of Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Patients may refuse to continue treatment if ADRs are not properly addressed, drugs may be stopped unnecessarily and treatment may be terminated prematurely by inexperienced health workers, resulting in a high proportion of failure.Methods: Patients diagnosed for MDR-TB and registered in Drug Resistant TB centre (DR-TB) of tertiary care hospital during period of July 2014 to June 2015 were enrolled in the study. Data of patients hospitalized for the complaints of ADR in DR-TB centre during study period was collected.Results: Out of 468 patients, 60 (12.82%) patients developed at least one adverse reaction and were hospitalised for the same. Among 109 reported ADRs, Gastrointestinal upset was the most common ADR reported (5.98%) followed by psychosis (4.91%) and ototoxicity (2.99%).Conclusions: The health providers, the patients and their relatives should be sensitised about these ADRs for early detection and treatment. It can also be suggested that the setup of DR-TB centre should be integrated with psychiatry and ENT specialities, with all the provisions of early detection of ADR and treatment

High sensitivity C - reactive protein (hs-CRP) and clinical characteristics, endocrine, metabolic profile in Indian women with PCOS: a correlation

Background: Role of hs-CRP was studied in PCOS women.Methods: Correlation between serum hs-CRP and endocrine, metabolic profile was studied in 30 healthy women and 88 PCOS women. In PCOS women correlation between hs-CRP and clinical characteristics viz obesity, infertility, acne, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans (AN) was also studied. Serum levels of hs-CRP, Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), LH:FSH ratio, Testosterone (Testo), fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (Tg), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) were estimated.Results: Mean serum hs-CRP in PCOS women was higher than that in control women (6.9 ± SE 0.84 v/s 2.0 ± SE 0.19mg/L, P=0.005).  In PCOS group overweight/obese had higher hs-CRP as compared to normal weight women (P=0.0051). In control group hs-CRP was positively correlated with age (r=0.385 p=0.035) and LDL (r=0.38 P=0.036). PCOS women showed positive correlation between hs-CRP and cholesterol, LDL, fasting insulin, HOMA. PCOS women showed a significant negative correlation between hs-CRP and LH. AN positive PCOS women showed higher serum hs-CRP levels as compared to AN negative PCOS women (11 ± SE 0.7 v/s 5.5 ± SE 2.3, P=0.0439).Conclusions: Serum hs-CRP is raised in Indian PCOS women reflecting association of low grade chronic inflammation. A positive correlation is present between hs-CRP and AN, insulin in PCOS women and obesity may aggravate this association. A positive correlation between hs-CRP and TC, LDL in the background of normal lipid profile is suggestive of precedence of chronic inflammation over dyslipidemia in PCOS

ON LYTOCESTUS KOPARDAENSIS N. SP. CESTODA LYTOCESTIDAE HUNTER, FROM A FISH IN MAHARASHTRA STATE, INDIA.

The paper contains, description of a new species of genus Lytocestus (Cohn, 1908) Hunter, 1927 L. kopardaensis n.sp. differs from all the earlier reported species, in having head long, elongated, narrow anteriorly, neck is medium in length with irregular margins, testes numerous 1600-1700 (1650), cirrus pouch large, preovarian, obliquely placed, ovary distinctly bilobed with irregular margins; uterus a coiled tube, loop shaped; vitellaria are follicular, corticular in position. in 2-3 rows on each side, from the middle region to the level of cirrus pouch

Proposed Technique to Improve VANET’s Vehicle Localization Accuracy in Multipath Environment

Localization (location estimation) of a vehicle in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) has been studied in many fields since it has the ability to provide a variety of services like navigation, vehicle tracking and collision detection etc. Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) both are very useful method of localization. By using Kalman Filter it is possible to combine these two systems to get better accuracy of localization. Now day’s typical localization techniques combines GPS receiver measurement and measurements of the vehicle’s motion by INS. However, when the vehicle traveling through an environment that creates a multipath effect, these techniques fail to produce the high localization accuracy that they attain in an open environments because of loss of satellite signal in a multipath area, such as areas with high buildings, trees, or tunnels. In this new advance localization technique is proposed to improve localization accuracy. Also Artificial Neural Network is used to detect multipath environment and then by using Nelder Mead Optimization method we can reduce the localization error of a vehicle when it travelling through multipath environment