Study on Importance, Procedure, and Scope of UNNAT Bharat Abhiyan –A Scoping Review

Unnat Bharat Abhiyan is an essential aspect of enhancing the standard of living for rural residents. The purpose is to provide rural and local governments in India with access to specialized resources for science, engineering, technology, and management, particularly those with exceptional academic achievements in these domains. Readers can acquire knowledge for specific needs and research in the field of Unnat Bharat Abhiyan. Unnat Bharat Abhiyan is a government program with a unique, transformative and comprehensive approach to development. It anticipates the development of chosen communities in a variety of sectors, including agriculture, health, education, cleanliness, and the environment, in an integrated manner. Unnat Bharat Abhiyan not just to promotes infrastructure, but also links people\u27s involvement, women\u27s equality, hygiene, social justice, educational establishments and localities among rural areas and their people, and other initiatives. It aspires to be a paradigm for implementation and future scope. Furthermore, rural poverty, unemployment, and poor infrastructure have a domino effect on urban slums, culminating in social and economic conflicts, which include economic hardship and urban deprivation. Urbanization in India is the result of demographic explosions and poverty-led rural-to-city migration. Therefore, rural development related to economic growth is very important for improving the standard of living of rural residents. This study deals with this

An efficient and facile ring closure of 2’-hydroxychalcones under irradiation of tungsten light

An efficient, green and facile reaction has been reported between 2’-hydroxychalcones and hydrazine hydrate in 2-methoxyethanol in presence of catalytic amount of acetic acid under irradiation of tungsten light to afford 2-pyrazolines. Present methodology presents several advantages including simple reaction procedure, no need of catalyst/special apparatus and short reaction time giving quantitative yields of product

Selective iodination of 2-acetyl-1-naphthol using iodine and iodic acid under solvent-free grinding technique

Selective electrophilic iodination of 2-acetyl-1-naphthol was achieved using iodine and iodic acid in combination with grinding at room temperature under solvent-free conditions to yield 1-(1-hydroxy-4-iodo-naphthalen-2-yl)-ethanone. Grinding mode of reactions has not only of interest from economical point of view, in many cases they also offer considerable advantages in terms of yield, mild reaction  conditions, selectivity and simplicity of reaction procedure

Factors affecting stillbirth: prospective study

Background: Stillbirth is defined by WHO as the birth of a baby with a birth weight of 500 gm or more, 22 or more completed weeks of gestation or a body length of 25 cm or more, who died before or during labour and birth.Methods: This was prospective observational study of factors affecting stillbirth was conducted in tertiary hospital for a period of 1 year from 1st June 2014 to 31st May 2015. During the study period, 200 parturient of gestational age 28 weeks or more and fetal weight 1000 gm or more with or without medical disorders were included.Results: The total number of births during study period was 11,951. Stillbirth rate in the present study was 16.73 per 1000 births. Most of stillbirths were seen in the antepartum period (76%) when compared to intrapartum period (24%). Maximum stillbirths occurred in gestational age of 36 weeks and above (52%) and fetal weight between 2001-2500 gm (27.50%). Patients with inadequate antenatal care, less than three visits had 86% stillbirths.Conclusions: Proper antenatal care, prompt referral services and availability of emergency obstetric care will provide a pivotal role for reduction of stillbirths

Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Some Novel Series of 4-Thiazolidinone Derivatives as Potent Antimicrobial Analogs

Several substituted 4‐thiazolidinone derivatives 2a‐q have been synthesized from halogenohydroxy substituted Schiff bases 1a-q under microwave irradiation technique. The reactions were carried out using ethanol: 2-methoxyethanol mixture as efficient reaction solvent system to afford high yield of product. The structures of newly synthesized compounds have been established on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, 1H & 13C NMR and mass spectral data. Further, all newly synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. The antifungal and antibacterial effects of the tested compounds are due to their molecular structure and substituent present. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v8i3.83

Solvent-free, Environmentally Benign Syntheses of Some Imines and Antioxidant Activity

Environmentally benign, economically feasible, and solvent-free syntheses of series of imines by the condensation of a substituted hydroxynaphthyl ketone with several substituted iodoanilines under grinding approach are described. Imines were further tested for antioxidant activity; most of them show moderate activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v7i3.60

Synthesis of Chitosan-Coated Silver Nanoparticle Bioconjugates and Their Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

The increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria represents a true challenge in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. For this reason, research on the development of new potential antibacterial strategies is essential. Here, we describe the development of a green system for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) bioconjugated with chitosan. We optimized a Prunus cerasus leaf extract as a source of silver and its conversion to chitosan–silver bioconjugates (CH-AgNPs). The AgNPs and CH-AgNPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), and zeta potential measurement (Z-potential). The cytotoxic activity of AgNPs and CH-AgNPs was assessed on Vero cells using the 3-[4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs and CH-AgNPs synthesized using the green system was determined using the broth microdilution method. We evaluated the antimicrobial activity against standard ATCC and clinically isolated multisensitive (MS) and multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumoniae), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays and the broth dilution method. The results of the antibacterial studies demonstrate that the silver chitosan bioconjugates were able to inhibit the growth of MDR strains more effectively than silver nanoparticles alone, with reduced cellular toxicity. These nanoparticles were stable in solution and had wide-spectrum antibacterial activity. The synthesis of silver and silver chitosan bioconjugates from Prunus cerasus leaf extracts may therefore serve as a simple, ecofriendly, noncytotoxic, economical, reliable, and safe method to produce antimicrobial compounds with low cytotoxicity

A review on herbal antiasthmatics

In traditional systems of medicine, many plants have been documented to be useful for the treatment of various respiratory disorders including asthma. In the last two decades the use of medicinal plants and natural products has been increased dramatically all over the world. Current synthetic drugs used in pharmacotherapy of asthma are unable to act at all the stages and targets of asthma. However some herbal alternatives employed in asthma are proven to provide symptomatic relief and assist in the inhibition of disease progression also. The herbs have shown interesting results in various target specific biological activities such as bronchodilation, mast cell stabilization, anti-anaphylactic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory and inhibition of mediators such as leukotrienes, lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase, platelet activating, phosphodiesterase and cytokine, in the treatment of asthma. This paper is an attempt to classify these pharmacological and clinical findings based on their possible mechanism of action reported. It also signifies the need for development of polyherbal formulations containing various herbs acting at particular sites of the pathophysiological cascade of asthma for prophylaxis as well as for the treatment of asthma