Determination of Crossarm Installation in Fill Dams by Back Analysis

This paper discusses a numerical model that can be used to optimize the installation in a zoned type and a homogeneous type fill dam. Before installation in a real dam to evaluate dam behavior, numerical model described in this paper is carried out on a prototype dam to check the optimum installation, using cross arm measurements. Three cross arm installations at the upstream, the core and downstream to measure displacements are considered. The installation options considered are three cross arm combinations for best installation to verify the safety of dams and to reduce cost. Finite element method is used for generating the displecement field in a linear elastic numerical model. The generated data is used as an input data in the back analysis to check the adequacy of each installation option

Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance by In-situ Testing and Its Application to Reliability Design

A calculation method of probability of liquefaction is proposed in this paper. The spatial variability of soil parameters for the dynamic shear strength, i.e., N-values, median grain size, fines contents, and the statistical characteristics of the earthquake frequency are considered in the analysis. The standard penetration test (SPT) is convenient to estimate the spatial variability of the dynamic shear strength and mainly used in this study. Furthermore the determination of dynamic shear strength based on Swedish weight Sounding test also introduced here, because it is the simpler test than SPT. While the statistical model of the earthquake frequency is determined based on the record of historical earthquakes. Using this method the probability of liquefaction is calculated. The sand compaction pile method is considered for the ground improvement against the liquefaction. Finally, the relationship between the sand replacement rate and the probability of liquefaction is clarified

One-dimensional Compression Tests of Sludge Cake from Dredged Sludge

One-dimensional compression tests were performed to investigate compression characteristics of sludge cake used as a construction material. The sludge cake is dewatering product of dredged sludge from the bottom of a lake. The test results show following compression characteristics. (1) For the undisturbed samples, e-log p curves show compressibility of overconsolidated clay ordinatily observed. (2) For the disturbed samples, there observed compressibility close to that of ordinary normally consolidated clay. (3) For the recompressed samples, there observed two turning points on e-log p curve. The compression presures(p(c1) and p(c2)) at those points for the unsubmerged tests have a linear correlation with the recompression pressure(p(s)). The submerged tests give very small values of p(c1) and p(c2) compared with the case of unsubmerged test. (4) For the recompressed samples, the first compression index(C(c1)) after p(c) has a linear correlation with the initial void ratio(e(0)), and the second compression index(C(c2)) shows almost constant value

Efficient modelling of 3-d finite element mesh formation with use of 3-d topographic survey

In this decade, 3-dimensional topographic survey has been developed by using the UAV as like drones. With the technique, the complete topographies of the geo-structures can be measured. Although the accurate shapes of the geo-structures can be obtained, the numerical methods as like the finite element method is are not related to the 3-dimensional survey directly. In this research, the finite mesh modelling technique with use of the 3-D topographic survey is developed. The models of the earth-fill embankments formed from measured 3-D data are introduced as the examples

Location of phosphorylation site and DNA-binding site of a positive regulator, OmpR, involved in activation of the osmoregulatory genes of Escherichia coli

AbstractThe OmpR protein of Escherichia coli is a positive regulator involved in activation of the ompF and ompC genes which encode the major outer membrane proteins OmpF and OmpC, respectively. By employing recombinant DNA techniques, we isolated the N- and C-terminal halves of the OmpR molecule. From the results of biochemical analyses of these fragments, it was concluded that the N-terminal portion contains a site involved in phosphorylation by an OmpR-specific protein kinase EnvZ, whereas the C-terminal part possesses a DNA-binding site for the ompC and ompF promoters

Characteristics of Dredged Sludges by Desiccation

To examine the possible reuse of dredged sludge in view of construction material, physico-chemical properties and geotechnical characteristics of desiccated sludge are investigated through laboratory experiments. The consistency test, the pH test, the XRF test and the X-ray diffraction analysis are carried out for physico-chemical proteries, and the conolidation test and the permeability test are made for geotechnical characteristics. It is concluded that the history of desiccation changes the consistency of sludge and affects its permeability and consolidation bahavior