Essential oil from <i>C</i>. <i>obtusa</i> repels fruit flies and house flies.

<p>Fumigant of <i>C</i>. <i>obtusa</i> essential oil caused avoidance behaviors in fruit flies (A-C, <i>D</i>. <i>melanogaster</i>) and house flies (D, <i>M</i>. <i>domestica</i>). Inset graphs show the proportion of flies on each side at 300 minutes after setup. P values from a Chi-squared test are presented for each test.</p

Fumigation of <i>C</i>. <i>obtusa</i> reduces fecundity of female fruit flies.

<p>Average number of eggs laid per day by female fruit flies significantly decreased upon exposure to 25 or 70 μg/ml of <i>C</i>. <i>obtusa</i> essential oil fumigant (black bars) but was not affected by exposure to 1–10 μg/ml of <i>C</i>. <i>obtusa</i> essential fumigant (gray bars). *p<0.05, ***p<0.0001.</p

Lifespan of fruit flies exposed to <i>C</i>. <i>obtusa</i> essential oil.

<p>Lifespan of fruit flies exposed to <i>C</i>. <i>obtusa</i> essential oil.</p

Essential oil from <i>C</i>. <i>obtusa</i> reduces adult lifespan of fruit flies.

<p>Lifespan of male and female flies decreased upon exposure to essential oil from <i>C</i>. <i>obtusa</i> by feeding (A, B) or fumigation (C, D). (A, C) Male. (B, D) Female.</p

Fumigation of <i>C</i>. <i>obtusa</i> essential oil reduces locomotive activity of fruit flies.

<p>Climbing ability was reduced by fumigation of <i>C</i>. <i>obtusa</i> essential oil. (A) Male. (B) Female. *p<0.05, **p<0.01.</p

Repellent activity of <i>C</i>. <i>obtusa</i> essential oil lasts for 5 hours.

<p>Number of <i>D</i>. <i>melanogaster</i> choosing <i>C</i>. <i>obtusa</i> essential oil-containing vial was counted immediately or 2, 4, or 6 hours after administration of essential oil. Almost no flies were observed in <i>C</i>. <i>obtusa</i> essential oil-containing vial for 5 hours.</p