Shin, Cin, and Jinn in far east Asian, central east Asian, and middle eastern cultures : case studies in transethnic communication by exchange of terminology for elementary spiritual concepts of ethic groups

Methodology and Objects: Methodologically, from a diachronic linguistics perspective regarding the concept of the shin, spirits in folk belief in China and neighbouring cultures, we compare texts that comprise meanings a) historically in the local language and b) compared to the meanings of equivalent terms in languages of other cultures. Comparing sources of this belief, we examine if and how the shin belief can serve as an example of communication across cultural borders including practical forms of worshipping. Argumentation: We argue that the concept of the shin is across cultural and national borders a result from folk culture transcending political or cultural borders transmitted via migration of ethnic groups. Although similar, mind concepts of different cultures and groups never melted; evidence for this independence gives the Islamic distinctive separation between shin and jinn in this area in the Chinese Quran and other spiritual Chinese writings. On the other hand, the practice of worshipping is similar. Conclusions: A spiritual concept like shin varies in practice in different areas. Central Asia as the melting pot of Chinese and Middle East culture shows the cultural practice of Shamanism with shin belief, complex mind concepts like in Daoism, and religions incorporating shin belief (Islam). Observed changes in the particular local languages show the continuity of the local set of meanings. Multilingual and multicultural areas such as Central Asia rather integrate new words to increase their thesaurus with new meanings than to change the set of previous existing meanings in the languages. Arabic as a language of conquerors in Central Asia is a typical example for such a language that serves as a tool to set up new meanings

The Tenderisation of Shin Beef Using a Citrus Juice Marinade

The effectiveness of organic acids (acetic, citric, lactic) and a citrus juice marinade as tenderising agents in shin beef muscle was investigated. At 0.2 M, citric acid was more effective as a tenderising agent than acetic or lactic acid. Immersion of shin beef strips in citric acid (0–0.05 M) showed that a significant tenderising effect was obtained above a concentration of 0.013 M. When shin beef strips were immersed in the citrus juice marinade (31% orange juice, 31% lemon juice, 38% distilled water) mean pH decreased from 5.7 to 3.1 and mean sample weight increased by ∼65%. The mean Warner–Bratzler shear force value decreased from 178 to 44 N cm−2 following marination while mean sensory analysis scores for tenderness and juiciness increased following marination. A mean total collagen content of 1.4 g/100 g was recorded in shin beef of which 9% was soluble in unmarinated samples and 29% was soluble in marinated samples. The results indicated that the tenderisation of beef samples using a citrus juice marinade could be attributed to marinade uptake by muscle proteins and also to solubilisation of collagen

Review of Becoming a Library Leader: Seven Stages of Leadership Development for Academic Librarians

Review of Freedman, James M. and Freedman, Shin (Ed.) (2020). Becoming a Library Leader: Seven Stages of Leadership Development for Academic Librarians. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries

Demand For International Reserves in ASEAN-5 Economies

The ASEAN-5 economies were observed to increase their demand for international reserves after the 1997 Asian financial crisis. This was coincided with their consistent current account surplus during the same period. Thus, this study attempts to investigate the existence of long-run relationship between reserve demand and current account for the period of 1997-2005. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test approach as proposed by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001) was employed, and the empirical results revealed that current account surplus leads to the rise in the demand for international reserves in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore.Bound Test, ARDL Approach, International Reserves, ASEAN-5

Pengaruh Motivasi Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan PT. Chang Shin Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to examine how the influence of discipline and work motivation on work productivity. This study uses a quantitative methodology which includes descriptive and verification analysis. The analytical method used is multiple regression. The population of this research is the employees of Pt. Chang Shin Indonesia from lean production with a workforce of 450 people. By collecting 60 respondents, the sample for this study was randomly selected. data collected through a questionnaire. To draw conclusions and test the hypothesis used descriptive analysis, verification and multiple regression. The t, R and F tests were used. The results of this study found that (1) the labor productivity of PT. Chang Shin Indonesia is partly influenced by work motivation. (2) Labor productivity of employees of PT. Chang Shin Indonesia is partly influenced by labor discipline. (3) Discipline and work motivation affect the work productivity of employees of PT. Chang-Shin Indonesia at the same time. Keyword : Work Motivation, Work Discipline, Work Produktivit

Treatment of open fractures of shin bones complicated with chronic osteomyelitis with use of new methods

The article presents the results of treatment of patient M. after traffic accident who had. open fractures of both shin bones complicated with local and disseminated form of chronic traumatic osteomyelitis. At the treatment of patient authors' methods were used. On the left shin to stop local necrotic-purulent process we used monolocal compression osteosynthesis and. carried out extra operation - extra-focal autotransplantion. On the right shin to restore integrity of tibial bone at disseminated process we carried out bilocal compressive-distraction osteosynthesis and. used method of bone defect replacement of individual rate. At the result of treatment we managed to restore support ability of low extremities and. to achieve stable remission. of osteomyelitis process. Use of new methods of treatment allowed to join the fracture of bones of one shin and. to replace spacious bone defect of another in quite short terms at the osteomyelitis process

Intracluster Supernova as a Possible Extra Energy Source of Clusters

The observed luminosity -- temperature relation of clusters is considerably steeper than that expected from a simple scaling relation. Although extra energy input is a likely solution, its source has not been identified. We propose intracluster supernova as a possible source, and also predict the supernova rate in intracluster space as a critical test.Comment: 3 pages, PASJ in pres

USA v. Jong Shin

USDC for the District of New Jerse