2,935 research outputs found
Observation of Topologically Stable 2D Skyrmions in an Antiferromagnetic Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensate
We present the creation and time evolution of two-dimensional Skyrmion
excitations in an antiferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. Using a
spin rotation method, the Skyrmion spin textures were imprinted on a sodium
condensate in a polar phase, where the two-dimensional Skyrmion is
topologically protected. The Skyrmion was observed to be stable on a short time
scale of a few tens of ms but to have dynamical instability to deform its shape
and eventually decay to a uniform spin texture. The deformed spin textures
reveal that the decay dynamics involves breaking the polar phase inside the
condensate without having topological charge density flow through the boundary
of the finite-sized sample. We discuss the possible formation of half-quantum
vortices in the deformation process.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Lightweight Concrete Produced Using a Two-Stage Casting Process
The type of lightweight aggregate and its volume fraction in a mix determine the density of lightweight concrete. Minimizing the density obviously requires a higher volume fraction, but this usually causes aggregates segregation in a conventional mixing process. This paper proposes a two-stage casting process to produce a lightweight concrete. This process involves placing lightweight aggregates in a frame and then filling in the remaining interstitial voids with cementitious grout. The casting process results in the lowest density of lightweight concrete, which consequently has low compressive strength. The irregularly shaped aggregates compensate for the weak point in terms of strength while the round-shape aggregates provide a strength of 20 MPa. Therefore, the proposed casting process can be applied for manufacturing non-structural elements and structural composites requiring a very low density and a strength of at most 20 MPaopen0
Relaxation of superfluid turbulence in highly oblate Bose-Einstein condensates
We investigate thermal relaxation of superfluid turbulence in a highly oblate
Bose-Einstein condensate. We generate turbulent flow in the condensate by
sweeping the center region of the condensate with a repulsive optical
potential. The turbulent condensate shows a spatially disordered distribution
of quantized vortices and the vortex number of the condensate exhibits
nonexponential decay behavior which we attribute to the vortex pair
annihilation. The vortex-antivortex collisions in the condensate are identified
with crescent-shaped, coalesced vortex cores. We observe that the
nonexponential decay of the vortex number is quantitatively well described by a
rate equation consisting of one-body and two-body decay terms. In our
measurement, we find that the local two-body decay rate is closely proportional
to , where is the temperature and is the chemical potential.Comment: 7 pages, 9 figure
Observation of a Geometric Hall Effect in a Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensate with a Skyrmion Spin Texture
For a spin-carrying particle moving in a spatially varying magnetic field,
effective electromagnetic forces can arise due to the geometric phase
associated with adiabatic spin rotation of the particle. We report the
observation of a geometric Hall effect in a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate
with a skyrmion spin texture. Under translational oscillations of the spin
texture, the condensate resonantly develops a circular motion in a harmonic
trap, demonstrating the existence of an effective Lorentz force. When the
condensate circulates, quantized vortices are nucleated in the boundary region
of the condensate and the vortex number increases over 100 without significant
heating. We attribute the vortex nucleation to the shearing effect of the
effective Lorentz force from the inhomogeneous effective magnetic field.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figure
The GitHub Recent Bugs Dataset for Evaluating LLM-based Debugging Applications
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong natural language
processing and code synthesis capabilities, which has led to their rapid
adoption in software engineering applications. However, details about LLM
training data are often not made public, which has caused concern as to whether
existing bug benchmarks are included. In lieu of the training data for the
popular GPT models, we examine the training data of the open-source LLM
StarCoder, and find it likely that data from the widely used Defects4J
benchmark was included, raising the possibility of its inclusion in GPT
training data as well. This makes it difficult to tell how well LLM-based
results on Defects4J would generalize, as for any results it would be unclear
whether a technique's performance is due to LLM generalization or memorization.
To remedy this issue and facilitate continued research on LLM-based SE, we
present the GitHub Recent Bugs (GHRB) dataset, which includes 76 real-world
Java bugs that were gathered after the OpenAI data cut-off point
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