Observation of vortex-antivortex pairing in decaying 2D turbulence of a superfluid gas

In a two-dimensional (2D) classical fluid, a large-scale flow structure emerges out of turbulence, which is known as the inverse energy cascade where energy flows from small to large length scales. An interesting question is whether this phenomenon can occur in a superfluid, which is inviscid and irrotational by nature. Atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of highly oblate geometry provide an experimental venue for studying 2D superfluid turbulence, but their full investigation has been hindered due to a lack of the circulation sign information of individual quantum vortices in a turbulent sample. Here, we demonstrate a vortex sign detection method by using Bragg scattering, and we investigate decaying turbulence in a highly oblate BEC at low temperatures, with our lowest being $\sim 0.5 T_c$, where $T_c$ is the superfluid critical temperature. We observe that weak spatial pairing between vortices and antivortices develops in the turbulent BEC, which corresponds to the vortex-dipole gas regime predicted for high dissipation. Our results provide a direct quantitative marker for the survey of various 2D turbulence regimes in the BEC system.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

Two Methods for Spoofing-Aware Speaker Verification: Multi-Layer Perceptron Score Fusion Model and Integrated Embedding Projector

The use of deep neural networks (DNN) has dramatically elevated the performance of automatic speaker verification (ASV) over the last decade. However, ASV systems can be easily neutralized by spoofing attacks. Therefore, the Spoofing-Aware Speaker Verification (SASV) challenge is designed and held to promote development of systems that can perform ASV considering spoofing attacks by integrating ASV and spoofing countermeasure (CM) systems. In this paper, we propose two back-end systems: multi-layer perceptron score fusion model (MSFM) and integrated embedding projector (IEP). The MSFM, score fusion back-end system, derived SASV score utilizing ASV and CM scores and embeddings. On the other hand,IEP combines ASV and CM embeddings into SASV embedding and calculates final SASV score based on the cosine similarity. We effectively integrated ASV and CM systems through proposed MSFM and IEP and achieved the SASV equal error rates 0.56%, 1.32% on the official evaluation trials of the SASV 2022 challenge.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables, accepted to 2022 Interspeech as a conference pape

Changes in the Outdoor Wear Market: Focused on the South Korean Market

People have become interested in wellness and health, which has led to well-being trends and increased participation in activities. Therefore, the outdoor wear market has shown growth for several years. However, the outdoor wear market of South Korea is becoming saturated. Moreover, Outdoor wear consumers are tired of same design products. The sportswear companies are trying to develop athleisure products. Therefore, it is time to develop outdoor products for emotional approach. According to results, when consumers purchase outdoor wear, they consider the functionality of the materials more than they do when purchasing ordinary clothes. Outdoor wear consumers\u27 pursued images were classified into three types: urban, minimalist, and active. Outdoor wear selection criteria were classified into two types: instrumental function and expressive function. Outdoor wear brands need to qualify their products functionally and meet their segmented consumers\u27 demands by developing products depending on their image from the planning stage

Dual Therapy with Cidofovir and Mirtazapine for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Sarcoidosis Patient

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating central nervous system disease caused by JC virus (JCV) reactivation in immunocompromised patients. The disease course of PML is often progressive, fatal and at present, there are few reports on successful treatment outcomes. Case Report: A 45-year-old man with systemic sarcoidosis presented with rapidly progressive dementia and right hemiparesis. The patient was diagnosed with PML as confirmed via brain biopsy and JCV PCR. With a combination treatment of cidofovir and mirtazapine, there was significant improvement of neurological symptoms without measurable functional deficit. Conclusion: This case suggests that dual therapy with cidofovir and mirtazapine might be an effective treatment option in PML patients with sarcoidosis

Improved application of the electrophoretic tissue clearing technology, CLARITY, to intact solid organs including brain, pancreas, liver, kidney, lung, and intestine

Background: Mapping of tissue structure at the cellular, circuit, and organ-wide scale is important for understanding physiological and biological functions. A bio-electrochemical technique known as CLARITY used for three-dimensional anatomical and phenotypical mapping within transparent intact tissues has been recently developed. This method provided a major advance in understanding the structure-function relationships in circuits of the nervous system and organs by using whole-body clearing. Thus, in the present study, we aimed to improve the original CLARITY procedure and developed specific CLARITY protocols for various intact organs. Results: We determined the optimal conditions for reducing bubble formation, discoloration, and depositing of black particles on the surface of tissue, which allowed production of clearer organ images. We also determined the appropriate replacement cycles of clearing solution for each type of organ, and convincingly demonstrated that 250–280 mA is the ideal range of electrical current for tissue clearing. We then acquired each type of cleared organs including brain, pancreas, liver, lung, kidney, and intestine. Additionally, we determined the images of axon fibers of hippocampal region, the Purkinje layer of cerebellum, and vessels and cellular nuclei of pancreas. Conclusions: CLARITY is an innovative biochemical technology for the structural and molecular analysis of various types of tissue. We developed improved CLARITY methods for clearing of the brain, pancreas, lung, intestine, liver, and kidney, and identified the appropriate experimental conditions for clearing of each specific tissue type. These optimized methods will be useful for the application of CLARITY to various types of organs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-014-0048-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Thermoelectric properties of graphene incorporated thermoelectric materials

Thermoelectric materials, which can change the waste heat into the usable electricity, are interested in various field of applications such as vehicle, ship, power plane, and so on. To enhance the thermoelectric properties, high electrical conductivity, high Seebeck coefficient, and low thermal conductivity should be conducted, however, the trade-off relation between electronic property and thermal property in terms of carrier concentration could be the bottle-neck on the enhancement of thermoelectric properties of the materials. In this presentation, we discuss with the graphene incorporation in the conventional thermoelectric materials, which could lead to independently control electric and thermal properties

Chronic cryptococcal meningitis with a cryptococcoma presenting as normal pressure hydrocephalus: a case report

Chronic meningitis may present with clinical features related to hydrocephalus. We report a 76-year-old female who presented to an outpatient clinic with cognitive decline and gait disturbance with recurrent falls. The initial diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) was based on the clinical symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, which showed ventriculomegaly without an obstructive lesion. During follow-up, however, there was remarkable cognitive decline, and she was unable to walk without assistance. Lumbar puncture and brain MRI showed respective lymphocyte-dominant pleocytosis that was positive for cryptococcal antigen and a new encapsulated abscess-like lesion in a left caudate head. Treatment for cryptococcal meningitis was initiated, and the patient was cured after a long treatment with an antifungal agent. As chronic meningitis could be misdiagnosed as NPH, differential diagnoses of etiologies that can cause hydrocephalus should be addressed

Convolution channel separation and frequency sub-bands aggregation for music genre classification

In music, short-term features such as pitch and tempo constitute long-term semantic features such as melody and narrative. A music genre classification (MGC) system should be able to analyze these features. In this research, we propose a novel framework that can extract and aggregate both short- and long-term features hierarchically. Our framework is based on ECAPA-TDNN, where all the layers that extract short-term features are affected by the layers that extract long-term features because of the back-propagation training. To prevent the distortion of short-term features, we devised the convolution channel separation technique that separates short-term features from long-term feature extraction paths. To extract more diverse features from our framework, we incorporated the frequency sub-bands aggregation method, which divides the input spectrogram along frequency bandwidths and processes each segment. We evaluated our framework using the Melon Playlist dataset which is a large-scale dataset containing 600 times more data than GTZAN which is a widely used dataset in MGC studies. As the result, our framework achieved 70.4% accuracy, which was improved by 16.9% compared to a conventional framework

Integrated Parameter-Efficient Tuning for General-Purpose Audio Models

The advent of hyper-scale and general-purpose pre-trained models is shifting the paradigm of building task-specific models for target tasks. In the field of audio research, task-agnostic pre-trained models with high transferability and adaptability have achieved state-of-the-art performances through fine-tuning for downstream tasks. Nevertheless, re-training all the parameters of these massive models entails an enormous amount of time and cost, along with a huge carbon footprint. To overcome these limitations, the present study explores and applies efficient transfer learning methods in the audio domain. We also propose an integrated parameter-efficient tuning (IPET) framework by aggregating the embedding prompt (a prompt-based learning approach), and the adapter (an effective transfer learning method). We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework using two backbone pre-trained audio models with different characteristics: the audio spectrogram transformer and wav2vec 2.0. The proposed IPET framework exhibits remarkable performance compared to fine-tuning method with fewer trainable parameters in four downstream tasks: sound event classification, music genre classification, keyword spotting, and speaker verification. Furthermore, the authors identify and analyze the shortcomings of the IPET framework, providing lessons and research directions for parameter efficient tuning in the audio domain.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submit to ICASSP202