Prediction of velocity and attitude of a yacht sailing upwind by computational fluid dynamics

One of the most important factors in sailing yacht design is accurate velocity prediction. Velocity prediction programs (VPP's) are widely used to predict velocity of sailing yachts. VPP's, which are primarily based on experimental data and experience of long years, however suffer limitations when applied in realistic conditions. Thus, in the present study, a high fidelity velocity prediction method using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was proposed. Using the developed method, velocity and attitude of a 30 feet sloop yacht, which was developed by Korea Research Institute of Ship and Ocean (KRISO) and termed KORDY30, were predicted in upwind sailing condition

Clinical validity of saliva and novel technology for cancer detection

Cancer, a local disease at an early stage, systemically evolves as it progresses by triggering alterations in surrounding microenvironment, disturbing immune surveillance and further disseminating its molecular contents into circulation. This pathogenic characteristic of cancer makes the use of biofluids such as blood/serum/plasma, urine, tear and cerebrospinal fluids credible surrogates harboring tumor tissue-derived molecular alterations for the detection of cancer. Most importantly, a number of recent reports have credentialed the clinical validity of saliva for the detection of systemic diseases including cancers. In this review, we discussed the validity of saliva as credible biofluid and clinical sample type for the detection of cancers. We have presented the molecular constituents of saliva that could mirror the systemic status of our body and recent findings of salivaomics associated with cancers. Recently, liquid biopsy to detect cancer-derived circulating tumor DNA has emerged as a credible cancer-detection tool with potential benefits in screening, diagnosis and also risk management of cancers. We have further presented the clinical validity of saliva for liquid biopsy of cancers and a new technology platform based on electrochemical detection of cancer-derived ctDNA in saliva with superior sensitivity and point-of-care potential. The clinical utilities of saliva for the detection of cancers have been evidenced, but biological underpinning on the existence of molecular signatures of cancer-origin in saliva, such as via exosomal distribution, should be addressed in detail

Highly Stable Organic Transistors on Paper Enabled by a Simple and Universal Surface Planarization Method

In this work, operationally and mechanically stable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are demonstrated on aramid fiber-based paper enabled by a simple and universal surface planarization method. By employing a nanoimprint lithography-inspired surface smoothening method, rough aramid paper is successfully smoothened from a scale of several tens of micrometers to a sub-nanometer-scale surface roughness. Owing to the sub-nanometer-scale surface roughness of the aramid paper, the OFETs fabricated on the aramid paper exhibit decent field-effect mobility (0.25 cm(2) V-1 s(-1)) with a high current on-to-off ratio (>10(7)), both of which are comparable with those of OFETs fabricated on rigid silicon substrates. Moreover, the OFETs fabricated on the aramid paper exhibit both high operational and mechanical stability; this is indicated by a bias-stress-induced threshold voltage shift ( increment V-TH approximate to 4.27 V under an excessive gate bias stress of 1.7 MV cm(-1) for 1 h 30 min) comparable to that of OFETs on a rigid silicon substrate, moderate field-effect mobility, and a threshold voltage stability under 1000 bending cycles with a compressive strain of 1%. The demonstration of highly stable OFETs on paper enabled by the simple planarization method will expand the potential use of various types of paper in electronic applications.N