30,440 research outputs found
Optical properties of the charge-density-wave polychalcogenide compounds Te (=Nd, Sm and Gd)
We investigate the rare-earth polychalcogenide Te (=Nd, Sm and
Gd) charge-density-wave (CDW) compounds by optical methods. From the absorption
spectrum we extract the excitation energy of the CDW gap and estimate the
fraction of the Fermi surface which is gapped by the formation of the CDW
condensate. In analogy to previous findings on the related Te (n=2 and
3) families, we establish the progressive closing of the CDW gap and the
moderate enhancement of the metallic component upon chemically compressing the
lattice
Human Capital and Economic Growth : Dynamic Implications of Insider-outsider Problem for Macroeconomics
This paper considers a dynamic model with human capital accumulation, for which both firm-specific skills and general skills are sources of growth. We analyze how the existence of firm-specific skills changes the effects of productivity shocks on economic growth. It is well known that the insider-outsider problem can cause employment inertia in the macro economy because workers with firm-specific skills (insiders) face the hold up problem. However, most previous studies have been static in nature, so that they have paid little attention to dynamic interactions between firm-specific skills and general skills during the adjustment to the new steady state. This paper considers dynamic models that involve creation of human capital from both firm-specific skills and general skills. We show that the insider-outsider problem that is generated through the creation of firm-specific skills can cause a dramatic decline in the youth labor force during a transition path to the steady state. We also show that the problem may result in a temporary economic downturn even if the shock is positive. In Japan, since the mid-1990s, there has been a dramatic increase in the unemployment rate and a substantial decrease in the working population ratio together with increased irregular employment among young people. By analyzing firm-specific human capital as an engine of economic growth, this paper shows that these trends are consistent with our dynamic model. It also demonstrates that the productivity shocks might explain recent dramatic declines in youth employment and temporary declines in growth rates.firm-specific human capital, labor markets, insider-outsider problem
Effective temperature in nonequilibrium steady states of Langevin systems with a tilted periodic potential
We theoretically study Langevin systems with a tilted periodic potential. It
has been known that the ratio of the diffusion constant to the
differential mobility is not equal to the temperature of the environment
(multiplied by the Boltzmann constant), except in the linear response regime,
where the fluctuation dissipation theorem holds. In order to elucidate the
physical meaning of far from equilibrium, we analyze a modulated
system with a slowly varying potential. We derive a large scale description of
the probability density for the modulated system by use of a perturbation
method. The expressions we obtain show that plays the role of the
temperature in the large scale description of the system and that can
be determined directly in experiments, without measurements of the diffusion
constant and the differential mobility
Growth of single-crystal columns of CoSi2 embedded in epitaxial Si on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy
The codeposition of Si and Co on a heated Si(111) substrate is found to result in epitaxial columns of CoSi2 if the Si:Co ratio is greater than approximately 3:1. These columns are surrounded by a Si matrix which shows bulk-like crystalline quality based on transmission electron microscopy and ion channeling. This phenomenon has been studied as functions of substrate temperature and Si:Co ratio. Samples with columns ranging in average diameter from approximately 25 to 130 nm have been produced
Mining Fix Patterns for FindBugs Violations
In this paper, we first collect and track a large number of fixed and unfixed
violations across revisions of software.
The empirical analyses reveal that there are discrepancies in the
distributions of violations that are detected and those that are fixed, in
terms of occurrences, spread and categories, which can provide insights into
prioritizing violations.
To automatically identify patterns in violations and their fixes, we propose
an approach that utilizes convolutional neural networks to learn features and
clustering to regroup similar instances. We then evaluate the usefulness of the
identified fix patterns by applying them to unfixed violations.
The results show that developers will accept and merge a majority (69/116) of
fixes generated from the inferred fix patterns. It is also noteworthy that the
yielded patterns are applicable to four real bugs in the Defects4J major
benchmark for software testing and automated repair.Comment: Accepted for IEEE Transactions on Software Engineerin
The influence of initial mass segregation on the runaway merging of stars
We have investigated the effect of initial mass segregation on the runaway
merging of stars. The evolution of multi-mass, dense star clusters was followed
by means of direct N-body simulations of up to 131.072 stars. All clusters
started from King models with dimensionless central potentials of 3.0 <= W_0 <=
9.0. Initial mass segregation was realized by varying the minimum mass of a
certain fraction of stars whose either (1) distances were closest to the
cluster center or (2) total energies were lowest. The second case is more
favorable to promote the runaway merging of stars by creating a high-mass core
of massive, low-energy stars. Initial mass segregation could decrease the
central relaxation time and thus help the formation of a high-mass core.
However, we found that initial mass segregation does not help the runaway
stellar merger to happen if the overall mass density profile is kept constant.
This is due to the fact that the collision rate of stars is not increased due
to initial mass segregation. Our simulations show that initial mass segregation
is not sufficient to allow runaway merging of stars to occur in clusters with
central densities typical for star clusters in the Milky Way.Comment: 25 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Ap
Spin relaxation in mesoscopic superconducting Al wires
We studied the diffusion and the relaxation of the polarized quasiparticle
spins in superconductors. To that end, quasiparticles of polarized spins were
injected through an interface of a mesoscopic superconducting Al wire in
proximity contact with an overlaid ferromagnetic Co wire in the single-domain
state. The superconductivity was observed to be suppressed near the
spin-injecting interface, as evidenced by the occurrence of a finite voltage
for a bias current below the onset of the superconducting transition. The spin
diffusion length, estimated from finite voltages over a certain length of Al
wire near the interface, was almost temperature independent in the temperature
range sufficiently below the superconducting transition but grew as the
transition temperature was approached. This temperature dependence suggests
that the relaxation of the spin polarization in the superconducting state is
governed by the condensation of quasiparticles to the paired state. The spin
relaxation in the superconducting state turned out to be more effective than in
the normal state.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
The Nudging Effect of Accuracy Alerts for Combating the Diffusion of Misinformation: Algorithmic News Sources, Trust in Algorithms, and Users’ Discernment of Fake News
Research has revealed that the diffusion of misinformation online can be attributed to inaccuracies in human cognitive reasoning. We examine the nudging effect of Accuracy Alerts on users’ ability to discern misinformation and how their trust moderates this effect. The results from a 2 (accuracy nudge: with nudge vs. no nudge) × 2 (news source type: algorithmic news vs. legacy non-algorithmic news) experiment showed significant main and interaction effects indicating that an algorithmic source effect is present in the process of nudge acceptance. Misinformation sharing intention was largely lower for legacy non-algorithmic news than algorithmic news, but there was a greater decrease in algorithmic news when nudging was employed
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