A PATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON NEONATAL NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS

Eleven cases of so called neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis confirmed by autopsy or biopsy were studied. They were characterized clinically by diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal distension, and shock. Autopsies of 10 cases revealed multiple ulcerations of the small and/or large intestines and their occasional perforation followed by peritonitis. Changes found in other organs were fatty change and cholestasis of the liver, atrophy of the lymph apparati, and generalized congestion. Intestinal change of the remaining one case was confirmed with surgical specimen, the finding of which was the same as above. It is postulated that the main changes observed in this syndrome should result from acute circulatory disturbance of the gastrointestinal system, perhaps occurring during the course of some intestinal infection

AN ENZYME HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA AND ALLIED DISEASE

The enzyme activity for α-naphthyl acetate esterase, naphthol-AS-acetate esterase, naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase, acid phosphatase, La(+)-tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase, and 5’-nucleotidase was examined on the neoplastic cells of giant follicular lymphoblastoma, the so-called reticulum cell sarcoma and Sézary syndrome. The neoplastic cells of giant follicular lymphoblastoma showed distinct activity for adenosine triphosphatase and 5\u27-nucleotidase, and those of the so-called reticulum cell sarcoma had no characteristic nature of the reticulum cells or histiocytes enzyme histochemically. These findings suggest that these neoplastic cells may be derived from the B-cell system. In Sézary syndrome, acid phosphatase activity was localized in a small paranuclear area in Sézary cells, which were considered to have a T-cell nature. It is thought that these enzyme histochemical methods are easy and useful in differentiating the B- or T-cell nature and the classification of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas

Comparison of 22G Fork-Tip and Franseen Needles and Usefulness of Contrast-Enhanced Endoscopic Ultrasound for Diagnosis of Upper Gastrointestinal Subepithelial Lesions

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) is less accurate in obtaining samples from gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions (SELs) ≤2 cm than from pancreatic cancers. The present study compared the usefulness of 22G Fork-tip and Franseen needles for EUS-TA and assessed the ability of contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS (CH-EUS) to diagnose SELs ≤2 cm. Fifty-seven patients who underwent EUS-TA for SELs ≤2 cm were evaluated. The primary endpoint was to compare the rate of acquisition of sufficient samples by these two needles. Secondary endpoints included technical success rate, adverse events, numbers of needle passes, and diagnostic ability of CH-EUS for SELs. Of the 57 included patients, 23 and 34 underwent EUS-TA with Fork-tip and Franseen needles, respectively. Technical success rates were 100% with both needles and adverse events occurred in zero (0%) and one (2.9%) patient with Fork-tip and Franseen needles, respectively. The rate of adequate sample acquisition was significantly higher using Fork-tip than Franseen needles (96% vs. 74%; p = 0.038). The hyper- or iso-vascular pattern on CH-EUS correlated significantly with a diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (p < 0.001). EUS-TA with Fork-tip needles were superior to EUS-TA with Franseen needles in acquiring sufficient samples and CH-EUS was also useful for the diagnosis of SELs ≤2 cm

Value of Low-Mechanical-Index Contrast-Enhanced Transabdominal Ultrasound for Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer: A Meta-analysis

The incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer (PC) are increasing. It is important to discriminate PC from the other pancreatic lesions; however, differential diagnosis based on conventional transabdominal ultrasound (US) remains challenging even though US is often the first examination performed. Transabdominal contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has high diagnostic accuracy for PC. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the utility of low-mechanical-index CEUS with enhancement for PC diagnosis. A systematic meta-analysis of all potentially relevant articles was performed. Fixed-effects or random-effects models were used to investigate pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR) and negative LR. The study enrolled 983 patients from nine eligible studies. The pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity were 92% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89-0.94) and 76% (95% CI: 0.71-0.81), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for CEUS was high (53.62). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.95. Funnel plots revealed no publication bias, and there was no significant relationship between the DORs and study characteristics, including continent, type of contrast agent, contrast agent dosage and scan phase. Only number of patients affected diagnostic ability. This meta-analysis indicates that CEUS with enhancement pattern is useful for diagnosis of PC